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BIOLOGY 2ND QUARTER MCA REVIEW GUIDE
1. Cell Organelles
What is the function of the plasma membrane? (Ch. 7.2)
Complete the following table: (Ch. 7.3)
Organelle
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Vacuole
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Chloroplast
Flagellum
Cilia
Lysosome
Nucleolus
Cell wall
Function in the cell
Cytoskeleton
List the levels of organization from smallest to largest.
List and describe the structures found in all bacteria.
What are the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
What are the differences between an animal cell and a plant cell?
What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph. How can you
identify which is which?
2. Plants
Define the following terms:
Cuticle -
Apical meristem -
Cortex -
Stoma (stomata) -
Guard cells -
Xylem -
Phloem -
Provide the function(s) for the 4 types of plant tissues:
A. Dermal:
B. Vascular:
C. Ground:
D. Meristematic:
State the Function(s) of Plant Organs:
Root (3 functions)
Stems (2)
Leaves (1)
Flowers (1)
Diagram the cross section of a root. (label where xylem and phloem are located)
What is the cell wall of a plant cell made of?
How do guard cells open and close? (process they use)
3. The Human Body – Chapters 34-39
Define the following terms and give their functions:
Homeostasis Epidermis Dermis Melanin Hair Sweat gland Oil gland Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle Skeletal muscle Mouth Stomach Intestines Liver Bile Thyroid gland -
Pituitary gland Sensory neurons Motor neurons Neuron CNS and PNS Diaphragm Blood Arteries Veins Capillaries Diffusion White blood cells Red blood cells Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra Which systems work together to move your leg?
Which systems provide support for the body?
What path does a nutrient take to get from your small intestine into a body cell?
What process allows oxygen to move from the lungs into capillaries? Diagram this.
If you have too much carbon dioxide in your blood, which systems are responsible
for removing it?
What are the two parts of the nervous system? How do they work with each
other?
What are vaccines and what is their purpose?
What system(s) do white blood cells work with? What is their function? Which
organelle would be found in abundance to help them do their jobs?
What is the greatest risk when you cut or damage your skin?
Why is hair important to mammals?
Where do pimples form?
What is the purpose of melanin and what layer of skin is it found in?
What are some examples of each of the three types of muscle?
Describe how a person breathes.
Why is increased surface area important to humans? (in organelles and organs)
Describe the function of each of the systems. Then, describe how each system
helps or interacts with at least three other systems:
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Digestive
Endocrine
Nervous
Respiratory
Circulatory
Urinary
Reproductive
Lymphatic
4. Osmosis
Define the following terms:
Diffusion –
Osmosis –
Facilitated diffusion –
Isotonic solution –
Hypotonic solution –
Hypertonic solution -
Create a diagram for each of the 3 types of solutions. Illustrate the direction of
movement and include the concentrations of water and dissolved substances inside
and outside of the cell.
5. Visuals
Know microorganisms.
Distinguish between bacteria and protists
Distinguish between autotroph and heterotroph
Distinguish between prokaryote and eukaryote