Download Earthquakes Directed Readings

Name: _______________________________________________________ Date: ____________ Period: _____________
Chapter 5; Section 1
Pages 130-135
Directed Reading A
1. What is seismology?
2. The scientists who study earthquakes are called ______
3. Where do most earthquakes take place?
4. Giant pieces of Earth’s thin, outermost layer are called
5. When tectonic plates move and slip past each other, they cause
_______ in Earth’s crust.
6. Why do earthquakes occur along faults?
14. Places where a large number of faults are located are called
15. What type of motion occurs where two plates slip past each
other?
16. What type of motion occurs where two plates push together?
17. What type of plate motion occurs where two plates pull away
from each other?
18. Where do most earthquakes happen?
19. What are seismic waves?
20. What are the three types of seismic waves?
21. What are the properties of P Waves?
22. What are the properties of S Waves?
7. Rock deformation that is like a
stretched rubber band and leads
to earthquakes
8. Change in the shape of rocks
in response to stress
9. Sudden return of elastically
deformed rock to its undeformed shape
10. Rock deformation that is like a
piece of molded clay and does
not lead to earthquakes
23. What are the properties of Surface Waves?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
deformation
plastic deformation
elastic deformation
plastic rebound
elastic rebound
11. What causes rock deformation?
12. What occurs when more pressure is applied to a rock than it can
withstand?
13. During elastic rebound, energy is released that travels as seismic
waves. What do the seismic waves cause?
24. On what does the speed of seismic waves depend?
25. Which are always the first waves of an earthquake to be
detected?
26. Which type of wave always arrives second?
27. How are surface waves different from body waves?
28. Wave of energy that travels through
Earth, away from an earthquake in
all directions
29. Seismic wave that causes particles
of rock to move in a back-andforth direction
30. Seismic wave that causes particles
of rock to move in a side-to-side direction
a. S wave
b. Seismic wave
c. P wave
12. What is the measure of strength of an earthquake called?
a. Magnitude
c. Velocity
b. Intensity
d. Richters
13. How many times stronger is an earthquake with a magnitude
of 5.0 than an earthquake with a magnitude of 4.0?
a. 1
c. 10
b. 5
d. 100
14. The degree to which people feel an earthquake and the
amount of damage it causes is called
a. Magnitude
c. Velocity
b. Intensity
d. Richters
15. What is the highest intensity level on the Modified Mercalli
Intensity Scale?
a. I
c. X
b. V
d. XII
16. The lowest level of intensity on the Modified Mercalli Scale
describes an earthquake
a. Not felt by most people
b. Not detected by seismographs
c. With great damage
d. With fires
17. How is the Richter magnitude scale used to find the strength
of an earthquake?
Chapter 5; Section 2
Directed Reading A
Pages 136-139; Earthquake Measurement
1. The point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s
starting point is called _____________________.
2. The instrument that records vibrations in the ground and
determines the location and strength of an earthquake is a
____________________.
3. Tracing of earthquake motion detected by a seismograph is called a
__________________.
4. The point in Earth’s interior where an earthquake begins is the
________________________.
5. Name 2 uses for seismograms.
6. Perhaps the simplest method seismologists use to find an
earthquake’s epicenter is the _____________________.
7. The first step in finding an earthquake’s epicenter is to
collect several ___________________ from different
seismographic stations.
8. By using a time-distance graph, a seismologist can find the
distance from each station to the earthquake’s
_____________.
9. If you know the distance from the epicenter to three stations,
how could you find the location of an epicenter?
18. Where are intensity values of an earthquake usually highest?
10. Seismograms are used to find an earthquake’s
a. Hazard
c. Depth
b. Damage
d. Strength
11. What is the Richter magnitude scale used to measure?
a. Earthquake epicenter c. Earthquake strength
b. Earthquake focus
d. Earthquake intensisty
2
11. The shifting weights placed in the roof of some earthquakeresistant buildings are called
a. Mass dampers
c. Active tendon systems
b. Base isolators
d. Cross braces
Chapter 5; Section 3
Directed Reading A
Pages 140-145; Earthquakes and Society
1. What is earthquake hazard?
2. Which part of the continental United States has the highest earthquake
12. What do engineers place between floors to counteract the
pressures on the sides of buildings during earthquakes?
a. Flexible pipes
c. Mass dampers
b. Steel crossbraces
d. Base isolators
hazard level?
3. How is the strength of earthquakes related to how often they occur?
4. The theory that states that sections of active faults that have had
relatively few earthquakes are likely to be the sites of strong earthquake
sin the future is called the ____________________________.
5. The areas along a fault where relatively few earthquakes have taken
place are called ___________________.
6. Weaker earthquakes that follow a stronger earthquake are known as
______________________.
7. Not all seismologists believe that the _______________________ is an
accurate way to forecast earthquakes.
13. In an earthquake-resistant building, ___________________
help prevent waterlines and gas lines from breaking.
14. What is a common way to retrofit an older home?
15. Explain how an active tendon system works.
8. The process of making older buildings more earthquake resistant
is called
a. Quake proofing
c. Mass dampening
b. Shock insulating
d. Retrofitting
16. What can you do to make your home safer before an
earthquake starts?
17. What are some plans you can make now for things to do
during an earthquake?
9. What do architects and engineers use to design and build
structures to withstand earthquakes?
a. Retrofitting
c. Newest technology
b. Gap filling
d. Old building methods
18. What can you do to help yourself now if waterlines, power
lines, and roads are damaged during an earthquake?
10. In an earthquake-resistant building, what structures act as shock
absorbers?
a. Mass dampers
c. Active tendon systems
b. Base isolators
d. Cross braces
19. What is he best thing to do if you are indoors during an
earthquake?
20. What is the best thing to do if you are outside during an
earthquake?
3