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NOTES 9-2: “MEDIEVAL EUROPE” I. The Rise of Christianity A. It was during the __________ ________ that Christianity in the form of the Roman _________ Church became a political power in western ___________. B. By the A.D. 500s, ___________ had become the leaders of the Church. C. In Eastern Europe, Christianity was known as ____________ ____________ and was under the leadership of the emperors in Constantinople. D. The early popes sent _______________, teachers of Christianity, to every part of Europe. E. Through its schools, the Christian Church greatly advanced _____________ in Europe. F. Beginning in the A.D. 1000s, the Church sponsored a series of holy wars called the ________________. II. The Holy Roman Empire A. The Germans combined their ___________ ________, the unwritten laws that come from local customs, with ____________ law and founded kingdoms all over Europe—from Spain to ____________ to Germany and ____________. B. One of the most important German kingdoms was that of the _______________. C. In 771 _______________ was elected king of the Franks. D. On _____________ Day in the year 800, Charlemagne was proclaimed the protector of the Christian Church in the West and was crowned the head of the Roman Empire in the West, which became known as the _________ __________ ____________. III. Medieval Society A. Most people during the Middle Ages were farmers who lived under _______________. B. Under feudalism, lords would give land to a __________ or ___________ to work, govern, and defend. C. In return, those who received the land swore loyalty to the lords and became their ______________. D. The feudal estate and basic economic unit was called the __________________. E. Two types of farmers on the manor were ________________ and ________________. F. Serfs were not as ___________ and usually _________ than tenant farmers. IV. The Growth of Cities A. _______________ in the Middle Ages were fairly independent and free of the feudal lords’ _____________. B. They served as centers of _______________ and ____________________. C. Manufacturing came under the control of workers’ organizations known as _____________. D. Over time, some towns grew into _____________ and became ____________ and _____________ centers as well. E. _____________ won the support of the townspeople by building great ______________ and granting the residents privileges and freedoms in written documents called _______________.