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Social Studies 8 Final Exam Review- History Section Supplies needed for the exam pen pencil eraser ruler calculator Study Strategies/Study Recommendations Use this guide to help you study and be successful for the exam. Roman Empire and Beyond 1) From what ancient society did the Romans borrow many ideas? 2) What was an aqueduct used for? 3) What present-day legal philosophy did the Romans develop? 4) Why did Christianity appeal to many people? How did Christianity spread so quickly throughout the Roman Empire? 5) As Christianity developed, who assumed leadership of the Church? 6) Why did the German tribes move into the Roman Empire in the 300’s A.D.? 7) What was considered to be “the fall of Rome”? What were the main causes? 8) Why did Constantine build a new capital? 9) How did Constantine change Roman policy towards Christians? 10) Accomplishments of Justinian. Make a vocabulary list and then create q-cards. Practice using scale to determine distances between locations. Read over and understand all your geography notes with emphasis on key terms. Answer and study all the above questions. Actively participate and listen during review time. Go to tutorials. Middle Ages 1) Identify: Clovis, Charles Martel, Pepin, Charlemange, Alfred the Great, Otto the Great, monks. 2) Describe what life was like in the Dark Ages? 3) Everyday life among the Franks. (pg 23) 4) Discuss the contribution that Charlemagne made to medieval society: military, political, revival of education, support of Christianity, etc. 5) Who were the Anglo-Saxons? 6) Who were the Jutes and Vandals? 7) Who were the Vikings and why were they successful in their conquests? 8) Everyday life of the Vikings? 9) Who were the Celts and the role of their monks? 10) What is feudalism? Where was the feudal system developed? 11) The impact of William the Conqueror. 12) What was the feudal contract and what were the expectations of each individual? 13) The make up of the feudal society. The feudal society pyramid (handout) 14) Identify: allegiance, lord of the manor, freeholder, serf, oath of allegiance, freeholders 15) Be able to describe the life of a villager. 16) Be able to describe the Manor House and how it was different from the houses of the serfs/commoners. 17) What did it mean to be excommunicated? 18) What is the difference between Trial by Battle and Trial by Ordeal? 19) Know the differences between Royal Courts, Church Courts and Manor courts. 20) The significance of Henry II and the murder of Thomas Beckett. 21) How was contact first made with Asia? Who was responsible? 22) Identify the following people: Chinggis Khan, Nicolo, Maffeo and Marco Polo, and Khubilai Khan. 23) Identify the reasons for the Crusades. 24) Identify Eleanor of Aquitaine, and King John. 25) What was the Magna Carta and why was it significant? 26) What did it mean to be a Knight? 27) Identify Chivalry. 28) List the steps involved in becoming a knight. 29) Who was involved in the Hundred Years War? 30) Why were the archers significant in the Hundred Years War? 31) Who was Joan of arc and why is she significant? 32) Where did regular trading begin and why did it begin? 33) Describe how trade led to guilds. What are guilds often called today? 34) List and describe the stages in becoming a master of a craft. 35) What was life in a medieval town like? 36) What role did women play in the middle ages? 37) What is a pilgrimage and why were they popular? 38) What are the differences between Gothic and Romanesque architecture? 39) What is a plague? 40) How many people did the Black Death kill (in both number and percentage of Europe’s population)? 41) How was the Black Death brought to Europe? 42) How was it transmitted to humans? 43) How did the Black Death affect European Society? 44) Why did the peasants revolt? 45) What is a Poll Tax? Renaissance 1. Identify the significance of each of the following people: a) Medici Family b) Francesco Petrarch c) Copernicus d) Michelangelo e) Leonardo da Vinci f) Machiavelli g) Galileo h) Savonarola i) Artemisia Gentileschi j) Johann Gutenberg 2. What was a city-state? 3. What was the Scientific Revolution and why was it important? 4. What do the following mean? a) perspective b) proportion c) mercenary d) humanist e) Renaissance f) Renaissance man g) hinterland h) oligarchy 5. What made Italy the perfect spot for the start of the Renaissance? 6. How was Galileo punished? 7. Who controlled the Catholic Church during the Renaissance? 8. Who ruled Florence beginning in 1434?