Download Name Date Period ______ Take Home Test : Evolution

Name ______________________________ Date ________________ Period __________
Take Home Test :
Evolution, Classification, Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Animal Behavior and Ecology
1. In genetic drift, allele frequencies change because of
a. mutations.
b. chance.
c. natural selection.
d. genetic equilibrium.
2. Which of the following was NOT characteristic of Earth before the oceans
formed?
a. volcanic activity
b. bombardment by comets and asteroids
c. an atmosphere of poisonous gases
d. an atmosphere containing oxygen gas
3. When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is
a. natural selection.
b. artificial selection.
c. artificial variation.
d. survival of the fittest.
4. According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to
survive are those that have
a. characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse.
b. characteristics that plant and animal breeders value.
c. the greatest number of offspring.
d. adaptations best suited to the environment.
5. Lamarck’s theory of evolution includes the concept that new organs in a species
appear as a result of
a. continual increases in population size.
b. the actions of organisms as they use or fail to use body structures.
c. an unchanging local environment.
d. the natural variations already present within the population of organisms.
7. What situation might develop in a population having some plants whose flowers
open at midday and other plants whose flowers open late in the day?
a. behavioral isolation
b. geographic isolation
c. temporal isolation
d. genetic drift
8. The situation in which allele frequencies of a population remain constant is called
a. evolution.
b. genetic drift.
c. genetic equilibrium.
d. natural selection.
9. The genetic equilibrium of a population can be disturbed by
a. movement into and out of the population.
b. a small population size.
c. mutations.
d. all of the above
10. Which statement is in agreement with Darwin’s theory of evolution?
a. More offspring are produced than can possibly survive.
b. The organisms that are the fittest are always the largest and strongest.
c. The number of offspring is not related to fitness.
d. Acquired characteristics that are inherited are the cause of evolution.
11. Darwin’s theory of evolution suggests that
a. species change over time.
b. extinct species are not related to living species.
c. different species can interbreed.
d. animals that look alike are the most closely related.
12. Sharks, dolphins, and penguins all have streamlined bodies and appendages that
enable them to move through water. These similarities are the result of
a. coevolution.
b. convergent evolution.
c. asexual reproduction.
d. adaptive radiation.
13. A change in a sequence of DNA is called a
a. recombination.
b. polygenic trait.
c. single-gene trait.
d. mutation.
14. Why did the development of sexual reproduction speed up the process of
evolution?
a. Sexual reproduction occurs more rapidly than asexual reproduction.
b. The offspring of sexual reproduction are identical to their parents.
c. Sexual reproduction increases genetic variety.
d. Sexual reproduction limits genetic variety.
15. The process by which two species, for example, a flower and a pollinating insect,
evolve in response to each other is called
a. convergent evolution.
b. adaptive radiation.
c. coevolution.
d. punctuated equilibrium.
16. The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to
those in living vertebrates. Most biologists would probably explain this fact on
the basis of
a. the needs of the organisms.
b. a common ancestor.
c. the struggle for existence.
d. the inheritance of acquired traits.
17. A single species that has evolved into several different forms that live in
different ways has undergone
a. adaptive radiation.
b. coevolution.
c. punctuated equilibrium.
d. mass extinction.
18. When individuals with an average form of a trait have the highest fitness, the
result is
a. not predictable.
b. disruptive selection.
c. directional selection.
d. stabilizing selection.
19. The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment is called
its
a. diversity.
b. fitness.
c. adaptation.
d. evolution.
20. The first organisms on Earth were most like today’s
a. bacteria.
b. eukaryotes.
c. multicellular organisms.
d. DNA molecules.
21. Which of the following is NOT a way in which natural selection affects the
distribution of phenotypes?
a. directional selection
b. stabilizing selection
c. disruptive selection
d. chance events
22. Lamarck proposed that organisms
a. have an innate tendency toward complexity and perfection.
b. have an innate tendency to become more simple as time passes.
c. inherit all of the adaptations they display.
d. belong to species that never change.
23. The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of
water is called
a. temporal isolation.
b. geographic isolation.
c. behavioral isolation.
d. genetic equilibrium.
24. A factor that is necessary for the formation of a new species is
a. reproduction at different times.
b. geographic barriers.
c. different mating behaviors.
d. reproductive isolation.
25. When individuals at only one end of a bell-shaped curve of phenotype
frequencies have high fitness, the result is
a. directional selection.
b. stabilizing selection.
c. disruptive selection.
d. genetic drift.
26. One necessary condition for the evolution of the first life on Earth was
a. the presence of DNA.
b. abundant oxygen in the atmosphere.
c. the presence of photosynthetic organisms.
d. the presence of liquid water.
27. Gene shuffling includes the independent movement of chromosomes during
meiosis as well as
a. mutations from radiation.
b. changes in the frequencies of alleles.
c. crossing-over.
d. mutations from chemicals.
28. The two main sources of genetic variation are
a. genotypes and phenotypes.
b. gene shuffling and mutations.
c. single-gene traits and polygenic traits.
d. directional selection and disruptive selection.
29. The Galápagos finch species are an excellent example of
a. speciation.
b. genetic equilibrium.
c. stabilizing selection.
d. selection on single-gene traits.
30. In humans, the pelvis and the femur, or thighbone, are involved in walking. In
whales, the pelvis and femur are no longer used; therefore they are known as
a. fossils.
c. acquired traits.
b. vestigial structures.
d. examples of natural variation.
31. The type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small
group of individuals is called
a. the Hardy-Weinberg principle.
b. the founder effect.
c. directional selection.
d. stabilizing selection.
32. When lions prey on a herd of antelope, some antelope are killed and some
escape. Which part of Darwin’s concept of natural selection might be used to
describe this situation?
a. acquired characteristics
b. reproductive isolation
c. survival of the fittest
d. descent with modification
33. On the Galápagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed
a. completely unrelated species on each of the islands.
b. species exactly like those found in South America.
c. somewhat similar species with traits that suited their particular
environment.
d. species completely unrelated to those found in South America.
34. In many kinds of organisms, most heritable differences are due to
a. mutations during gamete formation.
b. chemicals in the environment.
c. gene shuffling during gamete formation.
d. the effects of radiation.
35. Which of these is the best to determine evolutionary relationships?
a. Embryology
b. Fossil Evidence
c. DNA Analysis
d. Homologous Structures
37. A group of closely related species is a(an)
a. class.
b. genus.
c. family.
d. order.
38. Which of the following lists the terms in order from the group with the most
species to the group with the least?
a. order, phylum, family, genus
b. family, genus, order, phylum
c. phylum, class, order, family
d. genus, family, order, phylum
39. Organisms whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan belong in the kingdom
a. Fungi.
b. Eubacteria.
c. Plantae.
d. Archaebacteria.
40. Multicellular organisms with no cell walls or chloroplasts are members of the
kingdom
a. Animalia.
b. Protista.
c. Plantae.
d. Fungi.
41. When an animal goes into a slowed state of metabolism and activity due to cold
climate and low food supply it is called _________________________.
a. estivation
b. hibernation
c. irritation
d. excretion
42. When an animal goes into a slowed state of metabolism and activity due to very
hot conditions it is called _________________________.
a. estivation
b. hibernation
c. irritation
d. excretion
43. Which of the following is an innate behavior?
a. learning to open a jar
b. relating the sound of a bell with food because the two are presented
together
c. a moth is attracted to a light source at night
d. a monkey learns to push a lever in its cage in order to receive a food
reward
44. Which of the following is an example of a courtship ritual?
a. a male wolf growls and shows his teeth as a dog approaches
b. a male blue jay sings a song repeatedly in the presence of females of the
same species
c. a female cat attacks any animal that comes near her offspring
d. a duckling follows the mother duck everywhere she goes in the barnyard
45. Which of the following is an example of a gymnosperm (also known as a
conifer)?
a. moss
b. ferns
c. apple trees
d. pine trees
46. Which of the following is an example of an angiosperm?
a. moss
b. ferns
c. apple trees
d. pine trees
47. Which of the following is an example of a bryophyte?
a. moss
b. ferns
c. apple trees
d. pine trees
48. Plants contain several structures that make them well adapted to the lives they
lead. Which structure below is an adaptation for capturing sunlight?
a. leaves
b. roots
c. xylem and phloem
d. a waxy coating and guard cells
49. Which structure below is an adaptation designed to help the plant obtain water?
a. leaves
b. roots
c. xylem and phloem
d. a waxy coating and guard cells
50. Which structure below is an adaptation designed to help the plant avoid water
loss from leaf surfaces?
a. leaves
b. roots
c. xylem and phloem
d. a waxy outer coating and guard cells
51. How are the reactions of photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration
related?
a. They both require carbon dioxide as a reactant
b. The products of one reaction are the reactants in the other reaction
c. They both make large amounts of ATP (energy) as a byproduct
d. They both make large amounts of glucose as a product
52. Which of the following organisms do not use glycolysis?
a. animals
b. bacteria
c. plants
d. none of the above
53. What is the most important product of photosynthesis?
a. ATP
b. Water
c. Glucose
d. Oxygen
54. What is the most important product of cellular respiration?
a. ATP
b. Water
c. Glucose
d. Oxygen
55. What organisms do not use ATP as an energy source?
a. animals
b. bacteria
c. plants
d. none of the above
56. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor?
a. sunlight
b. temperature
c. pH
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
57. Which of the following is an example of a biotic factor?
a. sunlight
b. temperature
c. pH
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
58. Which type of growth pattern is seen mostly in laboratory conditions and is
characterized by no disease, unlimited food supply, and optimal (the best)
conditions for the organism’s growth?
a. a Logistic Growth Curve (S-Shaped Curve)
b. an Exponential Growth Curve (J-Shaped Curve)
c. a Stable Growth Pattern
d. a Fluctuating Growth Pattern
59. Which of the following are conditions describe the Tundra?
a. cold, dry, small flowering seasonal vegetation, and soil containing a
permafrost layer
b. warm, humid, large amounts of rainfall, heavy vegetation, and nutrient
poor soil
c. hot and cold extremes, very dry, little vegetation, sandy soil
d. experiences all seasons, deciduous trees lose their leaves in winter,
moderate rainfall, rich soil
60. Which of the following are conditions describe Tropical Rain Forests?
a. cold, dry, small flowering seasonal vegetation, and soil containing a
permafrost layer
b. warm, humid, large amounts of rainfall, heavy vegetation, and nutrient
poor soil
c. hot and cold extremes, very dry, little vegetation, sandy soil
d. experiences all seasons, deciduous trees lose their leaves in winter,
moderate rainfall, rich soil
61. What are the causes of Global Warming?
a. Holes in the Ozone Layer
b. Overuse of Pesticides
c. Burning Fossil Fuels
d. Exposure to UV rays
For the following questions choose one or more of the following letter choices to
answer each question below. You can use the letters more than once.
A) Animalia
B) Plantae
C) Protista
D) Fungi
E) Eubacteria
F) Archaebacteria
62. Which kingdom contains only autotrophs?
63. Which TWO kingdoms only contain heterotrophs?
64. Which TWO kingdoms contain prokaryotes?
65. Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin?
66. Which kingdoms belong to domain Eukarya?
67. Which is thought to be the most ancient Kingdom (the first to evolve on Earth)?
Short Answer Questions
68. Why was this experimental setup by Miller and Urey important to the theory of
evolution? What were the scientists trying to show?
70. Linnaeus developed a classification system with 7 levels. List the seven levels in
order from the most broad (biggest) to the most specific (smallest).
71. What do plants require (these things are called reactants) for the process of
photosynthesis to take place?
72. What are the two things that are made in photosynthesis (these things are
called products)? Which is the most important?
73. Now, write the equation for cellular respiration. Write what each chemical
formula means underneath (for ex. CO2 = Carbon Dioxide). Explain what it
means to say carbon is “recycled” between cellular respiration and
photosynthesis.
Use the Dichotomous key below and the fin placement diagram for the next two
questions.
Characteristics
1a Barbels (whiskers) are seen near the mouth.
Go to 2.
1b No barbels are seen.
Go to 3.
2a Adipose fin is between the dorsal and caudal
Channel Catfish
fins.
2b No adipose fin is seen.
Common Carp
3a The dorsal fin is single and the same texture.
Go to 4.
3b Two (2) or more dorsal fins are seen or may
Go to 5.
look connected with 2 different textures (spiny
v/s soft).
4a The dorsal fin is continuous along the body
American Eel
and the body is snake-like.
4b The dorsal fin is triangular and the body is
American Shad
not snake-like.
5a Mouth hinge is underneath the eye.
Go to 6.
5b Mouth hinge is the anterior side (in front) of
Go to 7.
the eye.
6a The head gently slopes, and the caudal fin is
Walleye
forked.
6b The head has a slight bump and the dorsal
Largemouth Bass
fin begins farther back.
7a The dorsal fin has about 5 spines. There is a
White Crappie
colored band along the ventral side of the fish.
7b The dorsal fin has about 10 spines. The body
Blue Gill
is rounded in shape.
Fin Placement Examples for Dichotomous Key
74. Use the key above to identify the Fish below. The Fish is ______________________
75. Use the key above to identify the Fish below. The Fish is ______________________
76. What are some negative impacts of global warming?
77. What is the Greenhouse Effect? Is it helpful or harmful? How is it different than
Global Warming?
78. A bird and a crocodile live in close association with each other. The crocodile
opens his mouth and the bird cleans the food particles from his mouth and
teeth. The crocodile gets his daily dental hygiene and the bird is provided with
food. What type of relationship is this an example of?