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Name______________________________________ Period____________ Cells and Heredity Chapter 5 Changes Over Time Section 1 Darwin’s Theory Key Terms: species fossil adaptation evolution scientific theory natural selection variation 1. ____________________ a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring 2. ____________________ a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations 3. ____________________ a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce 4. ____________________ any difference between individuals of the same species 5. ____________________ the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species 6. ____________________ the preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past 7. ____________________ the gradual change in a species over time Key Concepts: What important observations did Darwin make on his voyage? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ What hypothesis did Darwin make to explain the differences between similar species? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ How does natural selection lead to evolution? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Name______________________________________ Period____________ Cells and Heredity Chapter 5 Changes Over Time Section 2 Evidence of Evolution Key Terms: homologous structures branching tree 1. ____________________ a diagram that shows how scientists think different groups of organisms are related 2. ____________________ body parts that are structurally similar in related species; provide evidence that the structures were inherited from a common ancestor Key Concepts: What evidence supports the theory of evolution? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ How do scientists infer evolutionary relationships among organisms? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ How do new species form? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Name______________________________________ Period____________ Cells and Heredity Chapter 5 Changes Over Time Section 3 The Fossil Record Key Terms: petrified fossil mold cast relative dating half-life fossil record extinct gradualism radioactive dating radioactive element punctuated equilibria 1. ____________________ the theory that species evolve during short periods of rapid change 2. ____________________ a fossil formed when minerals replace all or part of an organism 3. ____________________ a type of fossil that forms when a mold becomes filled in with minerals that then harden 4. _____________________ the theory that evolution occurs slowly but steadily 5. _____________________ the millions of fossils that scientists have collected 6. _____________________ a type of fossil formed when a shell or other hard part of an organism dissolves, leaving an empty space in the shape of the part 7. ____________________ term used to indicate a species that does not have any living members 8. ____________________ a technique used to determine which of two fossils is older 9. ____________________ an unstable element that breaks down into a different element 10. ____________________ a technique used to determine the actual age of a fossil on the basis of the amount of a radioactive element it contains 11. ____________________ the time it takes for half of the atoms in a radioactive element to break down Key Concepts: How do most fossils form? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ How can scientists determine a fossil’s age? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ What is the Geologic Time Scale? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ What are some unanswered questions about evolution? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Test Preparation: Chapter 5 Study Guide p. 164-165 Go online for Self-Assessment: PHSchool.com (Web Code: cea-3050) Study this study guide Extra Credit Opportunities *Remember to print and turn in your answers to receive credit. Charles Darwin Links (Web Code: scn-0351) – Go to scilinks.org and click on the link for Darwin. Print the article and write a 5 sentence summary of what you learned. (worth 5 points) Fossil Formation Activity (Web Code: cep-3053)
