Download Written Test (7/13)

2007 Asia-Pacific
Regional Geography Olympiad
Written Test
Friday 13 July, 2007
09:30-11:30
Name of contestant: _____________________
This written test consists of 5 themes and makes a total of 110 marks.
There are 22 pages in the test booklet. Source materials for answering each
theme questions are placed at the end of theme questions. You have 2 hours
to answer the 5 themes (A, B, C, D and E). The space following each
problem is provided for the writing of your answers. Please allocate the 120
minutes appropriately to allow yourself the opportunity to answer all
themes.
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Theme A: Climate and Population
Use Source 1 and Source 2 to answer the following questions. (25 marks)
Problem 1
Identify the types of graph showing temperature and rainfall respectively in the
following climatic graph. (2 marks)
Problem 2
(1)
Which of the four climatic graphs in Source 1 has the greatest annual
range of temperature? (2 marks)
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(2)
Which of the climatic graph in Source 1 has the highest annual rainfall?
(2 marks)
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Problem 3
Match place W, place X, place Y and place Z in Source 2 with climatic graphs I, II,
III and IV of Source 1. (4 marks)
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Problem 4
Use all the information provided in the sources to describe and explain the
climatic characteristics in place Z, and place X. (6 marks)
Guidelines：Temperature characteristics of a place include: (1) annual range of
temperature, mean annual temperature, mean diurnal range of temperature (large /moderate
/small), and (2) seasonal pattern (hot /warm /cool /cold).
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Problem 5
Construct a table to contrast and compare the rainfall characteristics between
place W and place X. (4 marks)
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Problem 6
Points X and W are two places of China. Partly due to their sites, they have
different climatic characteristics. Climatic differences partly contribute to the
different population density of places. Compare the geographic and climatic
characteristics of the two places that influence the population densities of the
places. (5 marks)
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© APRGO 2007
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Theme B: Maps and World Views
Refer to Maps A ~G, and answer the following questions. (25 marks)
Problem 1
Map A was drawn by a Japanese high school student. This map shows some
typical world views shared by many Japanese students. State two of the
Japanese high school students’ world views shown through the map. (8 marks)
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Problem 2
By comparing Map A and Map B, describe reasons why Japanese students tend
to have such world views. (4 marks)
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Problem 3
Maps C through F were drawn by the university students in Finland, Canada,
Sierra Leone and U.S.A, respectively. By studying these maps, state two
common characteristics of the university students’ world views. (8 marks)
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Problem 4
Map G shows North East Asian Countries around Japan Sea (East Sea).
Describe your views on what this map producer intends and why you think so. (5
marks)
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Map A. World map drawn by a Japanese high school student
Map B. Percentage of the country’s name recognized by Japanese high
school students
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Map C. World map drawn by a university student in Finland
Map D. World map drawn by a university student in Canada
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Map E. World
map drawn by a
university
student in Sierra
Leone.
Map F. World
map drawn by a
university
student in U.S.A.
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Map G. North East
Asian Countries
around Japan Sea.
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Theme C:
Climate Change in Australia
Sources I (tables) and II (maps) are information on topography and vegetation
distribution over Australia, and data on several climate parameters for five
selected locations in the Australian states of New South Wales (NSW), Victoria
(Vic) and Tasmania (Tas).
Table 1 refers to current climate conditions, and data in Table 3 are estimations
of future conditions under the assumption of a given scenario of global warming
that would eventually lead to a differentiated climate change in the locations
mentioned before. (20 marks)
PROBLEM 1
(1) Using the data in Tables 1 and Table 2, which of the following locations are
currently suitable for alpine vegetation? (3 marks)
(a) Hotham Heights and Shannon HEC
(b) Kosciuszko and Hotham Heights
(c) Miena Dam and Perisher Valley
(d) Perisher Valley and Kosciuszko
(e) Shannon HEC and Miena Dam
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(2) Clearly explain the procedure used to obtain your answer. (5 marks)
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PROBLEM 2
(1) Using the data in Tables 1, 2 and 3, which one of the five locations will be
suitable for alpine vegetation in 2030 if global warming has the projected
effect? (3 marks)
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(2) Clearly explain the procedure used to obtain your answer. (5 marks)
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PROBLEM 3
(1) Based on your answers to Problems 1 and 2, which of the five locations will
be affected by climate change? (3 marks)
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(2) Making use of all the information provided here, in your opinion what would
be the consequences for water catchment in that region due to climate
change? Explain. (6 marks)
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Source I Climatic data tables
Table 1 Current climate parameters for selected locations
(Source: Bureau of Meteorology)
Climate
Parameter (ºC)
Min. temp. of
Kosciuszko,
Perisher
Hotham
Miena
Shannon
NSW
Valley,
Heights,
Dam,
HEC, Tas
NSW
Vic
Tas
-4.0
-5.1
-4.1
-1.8
-1.1
18.7
18.3
16.3
16.3
17.7
1290.0
1947.9
1552.9
823.0
853.7
135.9
256.9
166.0
84.0
91.2
87.7
65.3
87.1
48.6
46.9
coolest month
(ºC)
Max. temp. of
warmest month
(ºC)
Annual
precipitation
(mm)
Precipitation of
wettest month
(mm)
Precipitation of
driest month
(mm)
All these are mean values.
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Table 2 Climate parameter ranges suitable for alpine vegetation (Source: J. R. Busby)
Climate parameter
Suitable range
Min. temperature of coolest month
-5.5 to -0.7 ºC
Max. temperature of warmest month
14.0 to 18.8 ºC
Annual precipitation
1,262 to 3,088 mm
Precipitation of wettest month
127 to 320 mm
Precipitation of driest month
67 to 143 mm
Table 3 Climate change projected for 2030 with global warming -- one
scenario. (Source: CSIRO Atmospheric Research)
Change
Climate Parameter
Australian Alps*
Tasmania
Min. temp. of coolest month
+1.4 ºC
+1.4 ºC
Max. temp. of warmest month
+1.8 ºC
+1.4 ºC
Annual precipitation
-2.5%
0%
Precipitation of wettest month
-2.5%
+7.5%
Precipitation of driest month
0%
-2.5%
* Includes Kosciuszko, Perisher Valley, Hotham Heights
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Source II Australia physical maps
Map 1 Topographic map of Australia
Map 2 Biome distribution in Australia
(Biomes are defined as the world's major communities, classified according
to the predominant vegetation and characterized by adaptations of
organisms to that particular environment).
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Theme D: Environmental Hazards
Refer to Sources 1 and 2 for answering the following questions. (20 marks)
Statement: Human sensitivity to environmental hazards represents a
combination of physical exposure, which reflects the range of potentially
damaging events and their statistical variability at a particular location, and
human vulnerability, which reflects the breadth of social and economic tolerance
to such hazardous events at the same site.
Problem 1
Refer to diagram A in Source 1, which of the following two are correct
descriptions about environmental hazards? (3 marks)
(a) Every geophysical event is hazardous, no matter how huge it is or how
short it lasts.
(b) When the variation of a geophysical event exceeds the threshold of the
tolerant band of our society, it starts to impose damages.
(c) Depending on the degree of human vulnerability, geophysical events
could be either hazardous or beneficial to the society.
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Problem 2
Refer to diagram B, C and D in Source 1, which of the following two statements
fit the concept about environmental hazards and socio-economic tolerant band
best? (3 marks)
(a) The tolerant band (to damage) of our society varies through time.
(b) When a geophysical hazards lies within the band of tolerance,
environmental hazards will not happen.
(c) Diagram C shows a constant variability of the geophysical factor but
there is an increase in the mean value.
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Problem 3
Please explain why the risk of disaster increases through time in diagram B to D,
respectively, in Source 1 (6 marks).
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Problem 4
(1) Floods of Richmond River at Lismore, Australia belong to which diagram in
Source 1? (2 marks)
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(2) And please explain the reason why? (6 marks)
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Source 1 Sensitivity to environmental hazards
A
C
PHYSICAL ELEMENT
B
D
TIME
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Source 2 Changes in flood frequency for the Richmond River at Lismore,
Australia. Damaging floods occur when the river state rises above 10 m.
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Theme E: Globalization, labor supply and goods you enjoy
Globalization has resulted in various types of migrations. Migration is considered
both a cause and a result of uneven geography, income, market, technology, skill,
population, life style, etc.
Of the many types of human migration is labor migration, it results mainly from
the pull of labor demand exerted by capital. Of the goods on the move, both
capitals and high value-added goods are dominating the global trade. (20 marks)
Problem 1
Source 1 shows a cartoon where the lifestyle of the so-called “first world” people
is illustrated.
(1)
Please state what the cartoon conveys. (4 marks)
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(2)
State two types of global economic consequences of such lifestyle.
(4 marks)
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Problem 2
Most Southeast Asian countries join the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
(ASEAN) in the 1960s to promote common political interests. Economic stability
and benefit were then achieved as economic globalization took roots in the area.
The newly industrializing countries of Southeast Asia, including Singapore,
Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia achieved sustained levels of
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economic growth based on strategies of export-led industrialization.
Answer the next two questions according to your geographical knowledge and
the map of Source 2.
(1) Explain why the countries of the SE Asia have to cooperate through
international association? (4 marks)
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(2) For truly economic globalization, is it enough for the ASEAN countries to
trade among themselves? Why? (4 marks)
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Problem 3
Describe the labor conditions of your country and comment your countries’ labor
supply and demand (sufficient, short, mismatch or else?). (4 marks)
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Source 1
“First World” lifestyle
Source 2
Map of Southeast Asia
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