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BIO 101 Online Assignment #3: Seedless Plants and Seed plants This assignment is due on ___________ at the beginning of class. You may print out this sheet from the class web page and either type or write your answers on this sheet or another sheet of paper. I would encourage you to make a copy of this to help you study for the exam. You will lose points for every class period this is late, so turn it in on time! Review class notes on Plant Diversity. Continue on to part III: read all of the articles, run the virtual experiments and answer the following questions. Part I: SEEDLESS PLANTS Plants are multicellular photoautotrophs. In order for plants to survive on land, plants have 1) a waxy surface layer that protects against water loss, 2) openings in the surface layer that allow gas exchange, 3) a strong carbohydrate in their cell walls that enables them to grow tall and 4) multicellular sex organs that protect the embryo. Plants have very different life cycles form us. Each human is diploid individual (we have 2 sets of chromosomes); the only haploid stages (cells containing only one set of chromosomes) in the human cycle are in the gamete cells - sperm and eggs. Plants have an alternation of generations. Diploid individuals called sporophytes and haploid individuals called gametophytes generate each other in the life cycle. The plant kingdom consists of 4 major groups—bryophytes (mosses), seedless vascular plants (pterophytes-ferns), gymnosperms (conifers/pines), and angiosperms (or flowering plants). All plants except the bryophytes have a vascular system. A vascular system allows plants to achieve larger sizes because water and nutrients can be transported over great distances to all parts of the plant. The seedless plants include bryophytes (mosses) and seedless vascular plants (ferns). Mosses have a dominant gametophyte stage. In contrast, ferns, like most plants, have a dominant sporophyte generation. Green algae called charophyceans are the closest relatives of land plants. 1. List the four traits that are shared by both land plants and charophyceans. 2. List the five traits that appear in almost all land plants, but are absent in charophyceans. 3. Vascular plants have evolved several body structures that enable them to survive. What is the function of the following tissues in vascular plants? a. Xylem b. Phloem c. Roots d. Root hairs e. Leaves Part II: SEED PLANTS The two groups of living seed plants are the gymnosperms (coniferphytes), which bare naked seeds, and angiosperms (anthophytes), which bare seeds contained in a fruit. About 90% of all plants are flowering plants. Flowering plants, or angiosperms, are characterized by double fertilization, contain a vascular system, and seeds enclosed in fruits. Plants can be either herbaceous (non woody) or woody. Flowering plants may be annuals, biennials, or perennials. Annuals are herbaceous plants that grow, reproduce and die within a year or less. Biennials take 2 years to complete their life cycles before dying. Perennials are herbaceous and woody plants that can live for more than 2 years. All woody plants are perennials and some can live more than a thousand years. Two types of perennials are deciduous and evergreen trees. Plant cells are organized into tissues that form a functional unit. In vascular plants, tissues are organized into three tissue systems: ground tissue system, vascular tissue system, and the dermal tissue system. 1. Plants that complete their life cycle in one year are called _____? 2. Plants that complete their life cycle in two years are called ____? 3. What are the names of the two classes of living seed plants? 4. List four advantages of seeds. 5. Monocots and dicots are the two classes of angiosperms. List the six differences between the two classes. 6. Label the flower shown below with the following terms: Carpel, sepal, ovule, stigma, petal, filament, stamen, style, anther, ovary Part III Go to the following website, read the articles, run the virtual experiments and answer the questions following. http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/tlw3/virtual_labs/lab16/labs/lab16/ho me.html 1. What was the hypothesis of the researchers in the original research paper? Visit the following website for an understanding of what the different sections of a research paper (i.e. Abstract, introduction, materials and methods, results and conclusion) are supposed to contain. http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/maderinquiry/writing.html 2. After reading the original research paper from http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/tlw3/virtual_labs/lab16/labs/lab 16/home.html briefly describe the main points of the abstract and introduction. 3. After reading the conclusion, do the results support the hypothesis or go against the hypothesis of the original research paper? Briefly explain your reasoning. 4. What were the results and conclusions in the experiment you performed in the virtual lab segment exploring the original research paper? 5. After reading “Gain an overview of the experiment”, briefly explain the differences in the two charts at the top of the page. 6. How is the related virtual experiment different from the first experiment – what does this experiment study?