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CP EnvSci Geosphere Review Name _______KEY____________ Period _____ Sipe/Poposki Date ____________________ Station 1- Layers of the Earth 1. Identify the following layers of the Earth that are indicated on the diagram below. a. __Lithosphere_____________ b. __Asthenosphere__________ c. __Mesosphere (lower mantle) d. __Outer Core_____________ e. Inner Core_____________ Answer the following questions below. 2. Which layer is the thinnest? Thickest? Crust___________ /_____Mantle___________ 3. Which layer is responsible for the movement of the tectonic plates? Asthenosphere 4. Which layer consists of the crust and upper mantle? Lithosphere 5. Which layer is composed of Nickel and Iron and is a solid? Inner Core Over For #6-13 Label the following layers of the Earth on the diagram below. #6-8 Label the 3 compositional layers #9-13 Label the 5 physicallayers CP EnvSci Geosphere Review Name _________KEY____________ Period _____ Sipe/Poposki Date ____________________ Station 2- Plate Tectonics, Boundaries, and Movement 1. What is the diagram to the right showing? Explain. A theory that describes a movement of the tectonic plates (Earth’s litosphere). The Earth is composed of oceanic plates (thinner but denser) and continental plates.(thicker but less denser) plates. 2. What was the name of this configuration of the early Earth? Pangea 3. Label the diagrams below as diverging, converging, or transform boundaries. a. Converging b. transform 4. The area where 2 plates meet is called a boundary. c. diverging Over 5. Match the following terms in column II with the descriptions and examples in column I. Terms in column II may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Column I Column II _b____ Plates spread apart _c____Plates slide past each other a. converging _a____Plates collide b. diverging __c___ San Andreas Fault c. transform __a___Himalayan Mountains __b___ Mid Ocean Ridges 6. A fault______ is a break in the Earth’s crust along which blocks of the crust slide relative to one another. When rocks that are under stress suddenly break along a fault, a series of ground vibrations is set off called an ___Earthquake______ . 7. A ___volcano______ is a mountain built from magma (melted rock) that rises from the Earth’s interior to its surface. Their often located along __plate boundaries_____ and can occur on land or under sea, where they can eventually form islands. CP EnvSci Geosphere Review Name ________KEY________________ Period _____ Sipe/Poposki Date ____________________ Station 3- Structure and Composition of the Earth Part I. Match the following terms in column II with the descriptions and examples in column I. Terms in column II may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Column I _b____ 1.Solid because under enormous pressure _d____ 2.Layer of the mantle just beneath the lithosphere Column II a. Lithosphere b. Inner Core and above mesosphere __b___ 3.Made of liquid nickel and iron __a___ 4.Consists of crust and uppermost mantle __c___ 5.Lower part of the mantle, between asthenosphere c. Mesosphere d. Asthenosphere e. Outer Core and outer core __a___ 6.Earth’s outer layer __c___7.Aka “middle sphere” __d___ 8.Plastic, solid layer of mantle made of rock that flows very slowly, allowing tectonic plates to move on top of it __b___ 9. Layer that is the MOST dense __a___ 10. Layer that is under the LEAST pressure __b___ 11. Layer that is the HOTTEST Over 12. Scientists divide Earth into three layers, based on their composition or chemical make-up. These layers are composed of progressively denser materials toward the center of the Earth. These are known as ____compositional layers______________________. 13. What are the three layers referred to in #12? a. _Crust_____________ b. _Mantle____________ c. __Core______________ 14. If we consider the physical properties of each layer, instead of their chemistry, the Earth is divided into 5 layers, called the _physical layers____________________. 15. Compare and contrast the inner and outer core. The outer core is liquid. The inner core is solid. They both consist Nickel and Iron. The outer core is less dense than the inner core because of the pressure difference. CP EnvSci Geosphere Review Name _________KEY______________ Period _____ Sipe/Poposki Date ____________________ Station 4- Plates & Boundaries 1. The picture to the right represents which type of convergent boundary? __oceanic-continental convergence. 2. In the diagram to the upper right, which plate is the densest? _oceanic plate____________________ 3. What happens to the dense plate when the 2 plates come together? The more dense plate (oceanic plate) goes under the continental plate (less danse plate). This process is called subduction. 4. What happens to the LESS dense plate when the two plates come together? The less dense plate (the continental plate) will stay in its place and be above the more dense one . 5. How do tectonic plates move? The asthenosphere moves due to the convection currents which causes the lithosphere (located on top of the asthenosphere) to move. 6. What does the image to the left represent in which there is a stationary pool of magma? hot spots formation Over 7. Which island is the OLDEST? __Savaii____________________________________ 8. Complete the table below. Boundary type Description Characteristic features c-c mountains C=continental crust O=oceanic crust Plates move toward eachother o-c volcano/trench o-o volcano/trench Convergent Examples of where this is occurring on Earth today Himalayan Mountains Andes Mountains Indonesian Islands Plates move away from each other. Ridge/ volcano Mid-Atlantic Ridge Plates slide pass each other Fault/ earthquake San Andreas Fault Divergent Transform CP EnvSci Geosphere Review Name _________KEY______________ Period _____ Sipe/Poposki Date ____________________ Station 5- Mixed Vocabulary Terms Match the following terms in column II with the descriptions and examples in column I. Terms in column II may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Column I __p___1.Process that causes the tectonic plates to move __d__2.Layer of the Earth consisting nickel and iron and exists in of two states of matter- solid and liquid __c___3. Caused the formation of the Hawaiian Island _o____4. Convergent, divergent, transform _k____5.Layer responsible for tectonic plate movement _g____6. Caused primarily from transform boundaries __i___7. Term given to the process when one plate is pushed under another _c___8. Stationary pools of magma (not at plate boundaries) _h____9. Series of waves caused by convergent or divergent boundaries __f___10. Caused by plate boundaries that are subducting or Column II a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. Fault Atmosphere Hot spot Core geosphere Volcanoes Earthquakes Tsunamis Subduction hydrosphere Mantle Tectonic plates m. n. o. p. Crust Biosphere Plate boundaries Convection currents diverging 11. Look at the image below. Where is the hot spot located, nearer to X or Y? __Y_______ CP EnvSci Geosphere Review Name ________KEY_________________ Period _____ Sipe/Poposki Date ____________________ Station 6-Interacting Spheres 1. What are the four spheres of the Earth? a. Geosphere__________ b. Hydrosphere__________ c. Atmosphere___________ d. Biosphere_____________ 2. Give one example of 2 interacting spheres. Tree growing: the tree uses the water from the atmosphere and it uses the nutrients from the geosphere and the support from the geosphere. 3. Name two ways humans affect the geosphere. Pollution (factories); contamination with radioactive materials. _____ 4.The part of Earth that contains the air we breathe is called the a. hydrosphere c. geosphere b. atmosphere d. biosphere _____ 5.The part of Earth that contains all water resources is called the a. hydrosphere c. geosphere b. atmosphere d. biosphere