Download Biology Final Review

Biology Final Review
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Darwin began to formulate his concept of evolution by natural selection after doing what?
What was the name of the ship that Darwin was on during his voyage to the Galapagos Islands?
Darwin’s theory of evolution basically says what?
If an allele makes up one fourth of a population’s alleles for a given trait, its relative
frequency equals what percentage?
5. The distribution of phenotypes for a typical polygenic trait can often be expressed as what curve?
6. The situation in which allele frequencies of a population remain constant is called what?
7. What percentage of all species that ever lived has become extinct?
8. Most fossils form in what type of rock?
9. What is Earth’s most recent era?
10. What is the method of grouping organisms into categories that represent lines of evolutionary descent
called?
11. The domain Eukarya includes what kingdom(s)?
12. Into how many domains are organisms divided?
13. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack what?
14. Unlike photoautotrophs, how do chemoautotrophs obtain energy?
15. What are viruses that infect bacteria called?
16. A prion is a viruslike particle that contains only what?
17. If a bacteria needs to live in an environment without oxygen, what are they called?
18. To treat or prepare for a viral infection, a person needs to be treated with what?
19. What are protists defined to be?
20. What specific term do we use to refer to animal-like protists?
21. An amoeba moves and feeds by extending a temporary extension of its cytoplasm called what?
22. Which substances allow algae to harvest and use the energy from sunlight?
23. Most fungus-like protists get nutrients in what way?
24. In mushrooms, the basidia are found on what structure?
25. An important role of fungi in an ecosystem is that they do what?
26. What part of the plant is made up of cellulose?
27. Plants use the energy of sunlight for what process?
28. Bryophytes need water for what purpose?
29. A seed that has two cotyledons is classified as a(an) ___________________?
30. Which type of plant lives the longest between annual, biannual, perennial?
31. Which is NOT considered one of the three major organs of plants?
32. A seed plant is anchored in the ground by what structure?
33. Most of the photosynthetic activity in plants takes place in the ________________?
34. The movement of gases in and out of the leaf is regulated by what cells?
35. Gymnosperms include which plants?
36. What is the phenomenon that causes plants to bend toward the light?
37. What is the most important hormone, which stimulate cell elongation and are produced in the rapidly
growing region near the tip of the plant’s root or stem?
38. Animals that have no backbone, or vertebral column, are called what?
39. An animal that has distinct right and left sides shows what symmetry?
40. Which of the following best describes the feeding habits of sponges?
41. What are the two body types of Cnidarians?
42. The body of an annelid has what features?
43. The tube-like structure through which water enters and leaves a mollusk’s body is what structure?
44. How are the appendages of arthropods structured?
45. What does molting enable an arthropod to do?
46. The body of an insect is divided into how many parts?
47. In echinoderms, body parts usually occur in multiples of how many parts?
48. In an echinoderm, the structure under the legs that operates like a living suction cup are called what?
49. What echinoderms look like warty, moving pickles?
50. An acoelomate is an animal that has what structure?
51. What does cephalization mean?
52. What is the distinguishing feature of a closed circulatory system?
53. In most fishes, what structures are most important for obtaining oxygen from water?
54. All fishes in the class Chondrichthyes, like sharks and sting rays, are alike in what way?
55. In chordates, the long supporting rod that runs through the body is called what?
56. In some chordates, pharyngeal pouches develop into slits that develop into what structures?
57. A vertebrate is any chordate that has what structure?
58. Any animal with a spinal cord must be characterized as what?
59. In fishes with gills, oxygen-rich water enters and leaves through what structures?
60. What organ adjusts the buoyancy of many bony fishes?
61. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most amphibians?
62. Why can the eggs of amphibians can dry out easily?
63. What are the only places on Earth where most reptiles cannot live because they are ectotherms?
64. In what way is the body of a snake different from that of a typical reptile?
65. Most reptiles exchange gases through what structure?
66. What is an endotherm animal?
67. The main function of contour feathers is for what?
68. What is the easiest way to distinguish a bird’s egg from a reptile’s egg?
69. Which of the following statements about temperature regulation in birds is NOT correct?
70. Which organ is used by a cow to feed her newborn calf?
71. What do some mammals have to release heat from their bodies?
72. The mammalian circulatory system consists of how many chambers and how many loops?
73. What are the five mains characteristics of mammals?
74. Mammals that have broad, flattened molars feed on what type of food?
75. In mammals, the amount of water in the body is controlled mainly by what internal organ?
76. What are the egg-laying mammals called?
77. What is an example of a marsupial?
78. What is the function of the placenta?
79. Having a thumb that can move against the other fingers makes it possible for a primate to do what?
80. How is the trachea different than the esophagus?
81. The roads of a city are similar to what structures in the circulatory system?
82. How does the blood flow through the heart? From what chamber to what veins and arteries.
83. How much blood does the human body contain?
84. What carrier blood back to the heart?
85. Which blood cells contain hemoglobin?
86. Where does the process of chemical digestion begin?
87. What is the purpose of the epiglottis?
88. In the kidneys, both useful substances and wastes are removed from the blood by what process?
89. Which of the following digestive organs the longest?
90. When the pancreas cannot produce this hormone, people are diagnosed with Diabetes.
91. What is the purpose of the liver?
92. What system regulates what waste leaves the body?
93. Which structure produces sperm?
94. What is a zygote?
95. The placenta connects the fetus to what?
96. Where does fertilization between sperm and egg usually occur?
97. Antibiotics fight infections by doing what?
98. The inflammatory response can cause what symptoms?
99. How are infectious diseases spread?
100. The body’s most important nonspecific defense is what structure?