Download Biology Study Guide 2nd Semester Exam

Biology Study Guide 2nd Semester Exam Chapters 19-22, 26-28, 30-32
1. Be able to recognize the three shapes of bacteria (you are only responsible for cocci-ROUND,
bacilli-ROD-SHAPED & spirillia-SPIRAL SHAPED)
2. How are prokaryotic bacteria identified / classified?
3. Bacteria are sometimes called nature’s recyclers because they ________nutrients in dead
matter.
4. Bacteria that break down nutrients in dead matter into simpler substances that are taken up by
plant roots are called ____________.
5. All viruses are made of proteins and ____________.
6. The population of small, photosynthetic organisms found near the surface of the ocean is called
______________.
7. All fungi __________their food.
8. A mushroom is a fungal _____________.
9. Fungi that absorb food from decaying organic matter are called _____________.
10. A plant is a _______cellular, _______yote.
11. Seed-bearing plants differ from all other plants in that their gametes do not require ______ in
order for _____________ to occur.
12. The gametophytes of gymnosperms live inside reproductive structures called __________.
13. The 4 groups of gymnosperms are:_______________________________________________.
14. Angiosperms produce seeds inside protective structures called _______________.
15. The # of seed leaves distinguishes ___________ classes of _______________.
16. List the differences between monocots & dicots.
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Pollen grains are produced by __________ reproductive structures.
In angiosperms, reproduction takes place in ___________.
In an angiosperm, pollen grains are produced in the _____________. (Chapter 24)
Unlike plant cells, animal cells do not have ____________________.
What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell?
List the major characteristics of animals.
Only 5 % of all animals have __________________________.
Many small aquatic organisms move oxygen & carbon dioxide through their skin by the
process of _____________________.
When an animal’s environment changes, sexual reproduction improves a species’ ability to
____________. (Change with time)
An animal that has distinct right & left sides shows ________________ symmetry.
Organisms that spend their entire lives attached to one spot are said to be ____________.
Many sponges protect themselves from predators by producing ______________.
Cnidocytes help a cnidarian survive by _______________ prey.
Which animals are the simplest animals to have body symmetry?
What two functions do nematocysts perform?
Food enters a flatworm’s body cavity through a muscular tube called a(n) _____________.
Some flatworms have clusters of nerve cells that control the nervous system. Each cluster is
called a(n) ______________.
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How many openings does the digestive system of a roundworm have?
In earthworms, food is ground into small pieces in the___________.
The body of a(n) ________ has segments.
The thin layer of tissue that covers a mollusk’s body is called the __________.
The spade-shaped burrowing structure of one group of mollusks & the tentacles of another
group are both modifications of the _________.
39. What does molting enable arthropods to do?__________.
40. Arthropods are classified based on the # and structure of their body ______& ________.
41. The easiest way to tell whether an arthropod is an insect of a spider is to count its _______!
42. The respiratory organ in terrestrial chelicerates is the _________________.
43. List the body sections of an insect:
44. In an echinoderm, the structure that operates like a living suction cup is the _______________.
45. In chordates, the long supporting rod that runs through the whole body is called the ________.
46. A vertebrate is a chordate that has a ______________.
47. Most fishes are characterized by three characteristics… List them:
48. In most fishes the structures that are moist important for obtaining oxygen from water are the:
49. The organ that adjusts the buoyancy of many bony fishes is the ______________.
50. Most amphibians exist as __________ larvae that breathe with ____ and as _______ adults
that breathe with _________.
51. In a frog, the cavity through which digestive wastes, urine, eggs or sperm leave the body is the
___________.
52. What is the function of a frog’s tympanic membrane?
53. In what way is the body plan of a snake different from that of a typical reptile?
54. How do snakes locate their prey?
55. What is the difference between a reptile egg and an amphibian egg?
56. What is an endotherm?
57. The largest order of birds consists of ____________.
58. How can you look at a bird’s beak and tell what it eats? List examples.
(refer to bird beak worksheet in foldable!...a hooked bill and sharp talons would indicate that the
bird eats meat & therefore is a bird of prey);
59. What characterizes mammals (List at least 3 characteristics).
60. To determine whether a vertebrate is a bird of a mammal, it would be useful to know if it has
has ___________or __________.
61. What organ is used to feed newborn mammals?
62. Describe the mammalian circulatory system.
63. ___________(_________________)are egg-laying mammals.
64. What is a marsupium?
65. What is the function of the placenta?
66. Primates have opposable ________________,____________vision, & a well developed
______________.
67. What is meant by bipedal locomotion?