Download Plant Evolution Review Answers Updated

BIOLOGY 20
PLANT EVOLUTION AND CLASSIFICATION REVIEW
A. TERMS TO KNOW
Alternation of Generation
Angiosperms
Autotrophs
Bryophytes
Cotyledon
Cuticle
Deciduous
Dicotyledones
Endosperm
Ephedrine
Epiphytes
Eukaryotic
Fiddlehead
Fronds
Fruit
Gametophyte
Germinates
Gymnosperms
Herbaceous
Leaves
Lignin
Monocotyledons
Multicellular
Net Venation
Niches
Nonvascular Plants
Ovary
Parallel Venation
Phloem
Photosynthetic
Producers
Rhizoids
Rhizome
Roots
Seed
Seed Plants
Seedless Plants
Seedling
Spore
Sporophyte
Stems
Stomata
Strobilus
Thalloid
Vascular Plants
Vascular Tissue
Woody Tissue
Xylem
Zygote
B. MULTIPLE CHOICE
__C__1) Pine trees are a type of
a) nonvascular plant
c) gymnosperm
b) angiosperm
d) herbaceous plant
__B__2) Bryophytes have
a) true roots, stems, and leaves
b) an alternation of generation life cycle
__B__3) Peat bogs
a) decompose rapidly
b) decompose very slowly
c) vascular tissue
d) seeds
c) are composed mainly of algae and ferns
d) are found mainly in the southern hemisphere
__C__4) The mobile sexual reproductive part of all seedless plants are called
a) rhizomes
b) cones
c) spores
d) seeds
__A__5) Naked seeds are produced by plants in the phylum
a) Coniferophyta
b) Lycophyta
c) Anthophyta
__C__6) Most monocots
a) bear their seeds in cones
b) do not produce flowers
d) Pterophyta
c) have parallel venation
d) have vascular bundles that are arranged in a circle
__C__7) The waxy covering on plants surfaces is called
a) xylem
b) dicot
c) cuticle
d) ginkgo
__A__8) The vascular tissue that transports organic compounds is called
a) phloem
b) xylem
c) cuticle
d) stomata
__A__9) Bryophytes include all of the following plants except
a) ferns
b) hornworts
c) liverworts
d) mosses
__A__10) The type of angiosperm that has parallel leaf venation is a
a) monocot
b) dicot
c) sporophyte
d) gametophyte
__C__11) The plant that produces fleshy seeds is the
a) gametophyte
b) dicot
c) ginkgo
d) monocot
__B__12) How many phases are there in the life cycle of plants?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 5
__A__13) One adaptation that helped land plants retain water was
a) a cuticle
b) lack of roots
c) porous cell walls
d) chloroplasts
__D__14) All plants are photosynthetic, multicellular, and
a) asexual
b) nonreproductive
c) prokaryotic
__A__15) All plants probably evolved from
a) green algae
b) a fungus
c) animal cells
d) eukaryotic
d) a species of bacteria
__C__16) One of the greatest problems encountered by the first land plants was the need for
a) sunlight
b) nitrogen
c) water
d) fertilization
__C__17) The nonphotosynthetic moss phase is called a
a) monocot
b) dicot
c) sporophyte
d) gametophyte
__A__18) How does water aid the fertilization of some organisms?
a) provides a medium for sperm to move
c) holds cells together
b) discourages predators
d) slows meiosis
__C__19) A protective structure that contains a plant embryo and stored food is a
a) root
b) guard cell
c) seed
d) fruit
__B__20) The vascular tissue that transports water is called
a) phloem
b) xylem
c) cuticle
__C__21) The earliest land plants probably had no
a) cell walls
b) cell division
c) leaves
__A__22) A monocot has
a) three part flowers
b) two seed leaves
d) stomata
d) water
c) four part flowers
d) net leaf venation
__A__23) The structures of a nonvascular plant that take in water and hold the plant in soil are
a) rhizoids
b) roots
c) spore
d) xylem
__D__24) Each of the following is a part of a seed Except the
a) embryo
b) endosperm
c) seed coat
__C__25) Which of the following phlya of plants produces seeds?
a) Lycophyta
b) Sphenophyta
c) Coniferophyta
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d) gametophyte
d) Pterophyta
__B__26) True roots, stems, and leaves are characteristics of
a) all plants
b) all vascular plants
c) all seed plants
d) all angiosperms
__A__27) All vascular plants
a) have conducting tissue and alternation of generations
b) are large, have conducting tissues, and produce spores
c) have conducting tissues and produce seeds
d) have conducting tissues and produces spores, seeds and flowers
__B__28) Bryophytes are
a) nonvascular plants that produce roots but not stems and leaves
b) low growing plants that live in moist environments
c) completely terrestrial because they do not require water in order to reproduce sexually
d) All of the above
__D__29) One of the most adaptive advantages of seeds is that seeds
a) do not remain inactive for long periods of time
b) can germinate without water
c) lack a tough outer coat
d) contains a nutrient supply
__B__30) One of the differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms is that
a) most gymnosperms can reach maturity in a single growing season
b) angiosperms have a more efficient vascular system
c) gymnosperms are more likely to be associated with mycorrhizae
d) angiosperms are less diverse than gymnosperms
__C__31) Mosses are called pioneer plants because they
a) are more closely related to algae than to plants
b) were the first plants to be cultivated by European settlers in North America
c) are often the first species to inhabit a barren area
d) gradually remove organic and inorganic matter from the surface of rocks
_B__32) The plant tissue that transports water from the roots to the leaves is the
a) phloem
b) xylem
c) endosperm
d) woody tissue
__A__33) The life cycle of a vascular plant is characterized by
a) a large gametophyte and a small sporophyte
c) the absence of a sporophyte
b) a large sporophyte and a small gametophyte
d) the absence of a gametophyte
__D__34) The roots of vascular plants absorb water and
a) ward off bacteria
b) aid in reproduction
c) perform photosynthesis
__B__35) Plants that produce seeds protected by a fruit are called
a) gymnosperms
b) angiosperms
c) liverworts
__C__36) A dicot is an angiosperm whose embryo has two
a) pollen grains
b) leaves
c) cotyledons
__A__37) The fiddlehead of a fern is
a) a maturing fern frond
b) rhizomes
c) gametophyte
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d) provide support
d) Pterophyta
d) parallel veins
d) All of the above are true.
__B__38) Pines, spruces, and firs are
a) angiosperms
b) gymnosperms
c) flowering plants
d) sometimes nonvascular
__B__39) Plants that produce seeds enclosed in fruits
a) are gymnosperms
c) produce male and female cones
b) have flowers
d) also produce spores
__B__40) Flowering plants are in the phylum
a) Psilotophyta
b) Anthophyta
c) Gnetophyta
d) Sphenophyta
__D__41) The great success of angiosperms is due in part to
a) a highly efficient vascular system
c) animal dispersion of pollen, fruits, and seeds
b) seeds protected by fruits
d) All of the above.
_D__42) In order to reproduce, a nonvascular plant must have
a) rhizoids
b) a lot of sunlight
c) liquid water
d) cold temperatures
__A__43) Rhizoids are long, thin strands of cells that resemble
a) roots
b) leaves
c) spores
__C___44) Sphagnum is often used
a) for medicinal purposes
b) as a food
d) guard cells
c) to enrich soil and help it retain water
d) as a combustible fuel
__A__45) Nonvascular plants are distinguished by the
a) absence of xylem and phloem
c) absence of cuticle
b) presence of rhizomes
d) presence of spores
__B__46) A seed is
a) a modified spore
b) a plant embryo inside a protective coat
c) produced on the gametophyte
d) All of the above.
__B__47) The type of angiosperm that has net leaf venation is
a) monocot
b) dicot
c) sporophyte
__D__48) The photosynthetic and dominant phase of a moss is called a
a) monocot
b) dicot
c) sporophyte
d) gametophyte
d) gametophyte
C. WRITTEN REVIEW
1. Plants share Four Characteristics:
A._All plants are photosynthetic___________________________________
B._All plants are multicellular____________________________________
C._All plants are eukaryotic organisms_____________________________
D._All plants reproduce sexually___________________________________
2. Plants and Green Algae have these characteristics in common:
A.__Both have chlorophyll a & b in similar chloroplasts_____________
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B.__Both have cell walls that contain cellulose_____________________
C.__Both develop a cell plate during cell division__________________
D.__Both store energy as starch_____________________________________
3. What are the Four Phyla of Seedless Vascular Plants? ____Psilotophyta________,
____Lycophyta___________, ____Sphenophyta_____, ______Pterophyta________.
4. What are the Five Phyla of Seed Vascular Plants? ____Cycadophyta________,
___Ginkgophyta___________, ____Coniferophyta________,
___Gnetophyta__________, and _____Anthophyta_______________.
5. What is the difference between vascular and non-vascular plants?
Presence of vascular tissue. Size.
6. What are the primary functions of spores and seeds?
Reproduction and dispersal of the species
7. In what ways do green algae differ from plants?
A.__Plants have specialized cells, algae have very few_____________
B.__Plants have specialized structures (roots, stems & leaves) algae do not _________
C.__Most plants do not require water for fertilization__________
D.__Plants have adapted to life on land, algae to water____________
8. Why do nonvascular plants have to live in moist environments?
They don’t have tissues specialized for water transfer far up the plant.
So sperm can swim to the egg for fertilization
9. Which plant phylum contains the tallest and most massive plants? Is this a phylum of nonvascular, seedless
vascular, or seed-bearing plants?
Coniferophyta – Seed-bearing
Additional Questions from previous reviews
3. In their characteristics plants are most similar to the ___green algae________
____________________.
7. A __fruit_____________ is a ripen ovary that surrounds the seeds of angiosperms.
8. All plants probably evolved from ___green _____________ ____algae_________.
9. One of the greatest problems that encountered by the first land plants was the need for
____water__________________.
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10. How does water aid the fertilization of some organisms? ___So that the________
____sperm have a medium in which to swim to the egg_______________
11. __Alternation____________ of ____Generation_________ means that there are TWO phases in the
life cycle of plants:
A. The first phase: ____haploid________ _____gametophyte______ phase that produces
____eggs________________ and ______sperm____________.
B. The second phase: ____diploid________ ______sporophyte_____ phase that produces
_____spores_____________.
12. Sexual reproduction ensures there will be _______genetic____________ ____recombination_____ in
plants.
13. The type of vascular tissue that transports organic compounds is ____phloem____________.
14. The ___cuticle___________ is a waxy, waterproof layer that coats the parts of a plant
exposed to air.
15. The earliest plants were probably __short___________, and had NO true __roots____,
____stems___________, or ____leaves____________.
16. __Lignin__________ is a hard compound that strengthens cell walls, enabling cells to support additional
weight.
17. The 12 Phyla of plants can be divided into two groups based on the presence of
____vascular______________ ______tissue_______________.
18. One adaptation that helped land plants to slow the evaporation of water was a
___cuticle/stomata_________.
19. The type of vascular tissue that transports water is ___xylem_________________.
20. This type of angiosperm has parallel leaf venation __monocot_________________.
21. The waxy covering on plant surfaces is called ____cuticle__________________.
22. The plant material in peat bogs decomposes very _____slowly_____________ because the bogs are
_____anaerobic______________.
23. How many plant phyla produce seeds? ____five_____________
24. What type of gymnosperm produces fleshy seeds? ______ginkgos_______________
25. What is the photosynthetic phase of a moss called? ______gametophyte_____________
26. Bryophytes, instead of roots, they have long, thin strands of cells called __rhizoids__________ that
attach the plant to the soil.
27. Vascular plants absorb water from the soil through underground structures called
___roots_____________. They also provide a plant with ___support_________.
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28. Nonwoody plants are usually called ___herbaceous______________.
29. ___Phloem___________ carries organic compounds in any direction depending on the plant's needs.
30. In order to reproduce, a nonvascular plant must have ___water_____________.
31. Rhizoids are long, thin strands of cells that resemble ___roots________________.
32. The roots of vascular plants absorb water and _____support the ________
_____plant or store food_.
33. What is the non-photosynthetic phase of a moss called _____sporophyte_____________.
34. Gymnosperms produce "__naked______________" seeds, while angiosperms produce
___seeds_______________ protected inside a ____fruit____________________.
35. This type of angiosperm has net leaf venation ____dicot_________________.
36. The ____stomata______________ allow for the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen.
37. Sphagnum is often used to ____enhance___________ soil and help it _____retain_________
______water_______________.
38. A ___seed____________ is a protective structure that contains a plant
____embryo________, and ____food ________ _____supply_______.
39. A ___fruit__________ is a structure that develops in plants with flowers and contains the
____seed___________.
40. Nonvascular plants are distinguished by the absence of ____xylem_____________ and
______phloem________________.
41. All nonvascular plants are collectively called _____bryophytes________________.
42. Vascular plants are classified into one of Two Types: ___seed________________ or
_______seedless_________________ plants.
45. Vascular seed plants are subdivided into TWO general categories according to the type of seeds they
produce: _____Gymnosperms_________________ and
_____Angiosperms___________________.
46. A ___cone_____________________ is a special reproductive structure composed of hard scales, that
produces seeds without a fruit.
47. ____Gymnosperms_____ are vascular plants that produce seeds lacking a protective
___covering____________. They are often called ___cone________ __bearing______
48. A seed is a ___developing____________ embryo inside a _____protective___________
_____covering________.
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49. The ___angiosperms_______ are vascular plants that produce seeds enclosed and
___protected____ by a ____fruit_________.
50. All angiosperms produce ___flowers_______ and __seeds__________.
51. The protective structure that contains the seed or seeds of an angiosperm is the
___fruit______________.
52. One way of distinguishing among the many types of angiosperms is by counting the number of seed leaves
or ____cotyledons__________.
53. Angiosperms with only ONE cotyledon are called ____monocotyledon______________ or simply
___monocot___________.
54. An angiosperm whose embryo has TWO cotyledons is called ___dicotyledon__________________ or
simply ____dicot______________.
56. Plants that produce seed protected by a fruit are called ____angiosperms_____________.
57. A dicot is an angiosperm whose embryo has two ___cotyledons__________.
58. Plants remove carbon dioxide from the air by the process of ___photosynthesis____.
59. Bryophytes are __low__________-growing plants that live in ___moist_____________
____environments________________.
60. All vascular plants have __vascular________________ tissues and _____alternation_____________ of
_____generations_________________.
61. True roots, stems, and leaves are characteristics of all ___vascular__________
_____plants______________.
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