Download Capítulo 3 – A Primera Vista #1

CHAPTER 3 STUDY GUIDE:
A Primera Vista #1
la alimentación
los alimentos
apropiado, -a
el calcio
el carbohidrato
la comida basura
la dieta
la energía
equilibrado, -a
la estatura
la fibra
el hábito alimenticio
el hierro
lleno, -a
la merienda
nutritivo, -a
la proteína
saludable
vacío, -a
la vitamina
aunque
la manera
el nivel
la alergia
el antibiótico
la aspirina
estar resfriado, -a
estornudar
nutrition
food
appropriate
calcium
carbohydrate
junk food
diet
energy
balanced
height
fiber
eating habit
iron
full
snack
nutritious
protein
healthy
empty
vitamin
despite, even when
way
level
allergy
antibiotic
aspirin
to have a cold
to sneeze
la fiebre
el grado centígrado
la gripe
el jarabe
la tos
el oído
el pecho
contener (e-ie)
evitar
incluir
saltar (una comida)
tomar
débil
fuerte
fever
centigrade degree
flu
syrup
cough
ear
chest
to contain
to avoid
to include
to skip (a meal)
to take, to drink
weak
strong
A Primera Vista #2
el corazón
el músculo
aconsejar
desarrollar
exigir
quejarse
los abdominales
el calambre
los ejercicios aeróbicos
estar en forma
estirar
flexionar
la fuerza
hacer bicicleta
heart
muscle
to advise
to develop
to demand
to complain
crunches
cramp
aerobics
to be fit
to stretch
to flex, to stretch
strength
to use a stationary bike
hacer cinta
to use a treadmill
hacer flexiones
to do push-ups
relajar(se)
to relax
respirar
to breathe
el yoga
yoga
la edad
age
el peso
weight
aguantar
to endure, to tolerate
el consejo
advice
caerse de sueño
to be exhausted, sleepy
concentrarse
to concentrate
confianza en sí mismo, -a
self-confidence
estar de buen / mal humor
to be in a good / bad mood
el estrés
stress
estresado, -a
stressed out
preocuparse
to worry
sentirse fatal
to feel awful
GRAMMAR:
LOS PRONOMBRES DE COMPLEMENTO DIRECTO
A Direct Object is the person or thing that is directly affected by the verb. It generally answers the question “qué or quién”
(“what?” or “whom?”). We can do it. I invited them.
Although you may associate Direct Object Pronouns –D.O.P.- with things –rather than with people- there are verbs that will take
Direct Object Pronouns with people.
This will occur when the “object” being invited, seen, heard, known, helped, loved, etc. is actually a person.
Some common verbs used with D.O.P. and people are: ver, mirar, oír, escuchar, conocer, esperar, ayudar, traer, querer (as to love),
dejar, odiar, etc.
1. “Yo La invité a la fiesta”. (I invited her to the party).
2. “ El siempre los ayuda con la tarea”. (He always helps them with the homework).
3. “Ella no lo quiere”. (She doesn’t love him).
In the previous cases, la, los, lo represent Direct objects because there isn’t a thing or an object between them and the person doing the
action (Yo, El, Ella).
Later, you will see that with Indirect Object Pronouns there is an object between the two people.
Direct object pronouns:
Subject
yo
tú
Ud.
él
ella
nosotros
nosotras
Uds.
Direct Object Pronouns
me (me)
te (you, informal)
lo (you, masc., formal)
la (you, fem., formal)
lo (him, it)
la (her, it)
nos (us, masc. and fem.)
Tú me llamas.
Ella te invita.
Nosotros lo invitamos. (a Ud.)
Yo la espero. (a Ud.)
Tú lo conoces. (a él)
Tú la conoces. (a ella)
Tú nos invitas.
los (you, masc. pl., formal)
Ella los espera. (a Uds.)
las (you, fem., pl., formal)
Nosotros las invitamos. (a Uds.)
los (them, masc.)
Él los llama. (a ellos)
las (them, fem.)
Nosotras las conocemos. (a ellas)
ellos
ellas
RULES:
1. The direct object pronoun goes before a conjugated verb.
Yo invito a Pedro.
Yo
lo
invito.
Ella conoce la escuela.
Ella la
conoce.
Nosotros invitamos a los profesores.
Nosotros los invitamos.
¿Me invitas a tu casa? (Will you invite me to your house?)
Sí, te invito esta tarde.(Yes, I invite you this afternoon.)
2. If the sentence is negative, the no must precede the object pronoun.
Yo
estudio español.
Yo
lo estudio.
Yo
no lo estudio.
3. If a conjugated verb and an infinitive appear together, the direct object pronoun may go before or after both verbs
(attached to the infinitive).
Yo te voy a invitar.
Yo voy a invitarte.
4. In the present progressive, the direct object pronoun can be placed either before the verb estar or after the present
participle.
Lo está leyendo....
o.......
Está leyéndolo.
PRONOMBRES DE COMPLEMENTO INDIRECTO:
An indirect object tells to whom or for whom an action is performed. They are used to replace or accompany an indirect object noun.
The indirect object pronouns in Spanish are:
me (to/for) me
te (to/for) you (familiar)
le (to/for) him, her, you
(formal)
nos (to/for)
us
os (to/for)
you
les (to/for)
them, you all
Ex: Nuestros profesores no nos permiten comer en clase.
Our teachers do not allow us to eat in class.
Ex: Sus abuelos siempre les daban regalos a los niños.
Their grandparents always gave gifts to the children.
*Notice that in the second sentence you would not mention the indirect object pronoun with the indirect object noun in English, but in
Spanish you must.
*Also, because le and les can have more than one meaning, we should make the meaning clear by adding a + name, noun, or
pronoun.
Ex: Lupita siempre les decía la verdad.
Lupita used to always tell them the truth.
But do you know who “them” is? No! You will need to clarify.
Ex: Lupita siempre les decía la verdad a sus padres.
Lupita used to always tell the truth to her parents.
Ex: Todos los domingos le compraba un helado a María.
Every Sunday I would buy an ice cream cone for María.
Placement of IOP’s
I.
Once again, if your verb is conjugated in the present, preterite or imperfect tense, you will always put the IOP in front of the
verb. Remember, this is what we did with reflexive verbs and direct object pronouns, too.
II.
If you have 2 verbs (a conjugated one and the infinitive), you can either…
a. Put the IOP in front of the 1st verb (the conjugated one)
OR
b.
Attach the IOP to the end of the 2nd verb (the infinitive)
Ex: Nunca le quería comprar dulces a su hija.
Nunca quería comprarle dulces a su hija.
Remember that we always use indirect object pronouns with: caer(le) bien/mal, chocar, doler, encantar, faltar, fascinar, fastidiar,
gustar, importar, interesar, molestar, parecer, quedar.
MANDATOS:
-Affirmative “Tú” command (informal): Used to informally tell someone to do something. Affirmative tú commands are the same as
the él/ella (or third person) form of the present tense.Ex: COME la comida.
-Negative “Tú” commands: Used to informally tell someone NOT to do something.
.Start with the “YO” form of the verb……………..COMO
.Drop the “O”…………………………………….. COM_
.Add the opposite second person ending…………. COMAS (for ER/IR verbs=AS, for AR=ES
.Lastly, put a “NO” before the verb……………….NO COMAS
-Formal (usted) command: Used to formally tell someone to do something.
.All you do to form this is drop the “S” from the negative command. Yup, that’s it!
COMAS – S = COMA
.If you want to make this negative (tell someone formally to NOT do something) simply put a NO before the verb.
NO COMA
-Ustedes command: Used to tell a group of people (self not included) to do something.
.All you do to form this is drop the “S” from the negative command and replace it with an “N”. Yup, that’s it!
COMAS – S + N = COMAN / If you want to make this negative then leave the NO as it is. If it’s not negative then get rid of
the NO
-Nosotros command: Used to tell a group of people (self included) to do something.
Start with the “YO” form of the verb……………..COMO
.Drop the “O”…………………………………….. COM_
.Add the opposite nosotros ending…………. COMAMOS (for ER/IR verbs=AMOS, for AR=EMOS
.Lastly, put a “NO” before the verb if you want to make it negative……………….NO COMAMOS