Download What four main factors affect what life is found in an aquatic ecosystem

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Studyguide - Chapter 4 Ecosystems and Communities
4.1 Climate
1. What’s the difference between climate and weather?
2. What factors determine global climate?
3. What happens to light that strikes Earth’s surface? Can you draw/label a diagram?
4. Explain the greenhouse effect.
5. What are the greenhouse gases, and why are they important?
6. How does latitude affect how much solar energy is received?
7. What are the 3 climate zones and how would you characterize the climate of each?
8. What are the 2 ways that heat and moisture are transported in the biosphere?
4.2 Niches and Community Interactions
9. What is included in an organism’s niche?
10. How does tolerance influence an organism’s habitat?
11. What are 4 examples of resources?
12. Give 3 examples each of physical (abiotic) and biological (biotic) aspects/factors of
an organism’s niche.
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13. How does competition affect and shape communities?
14. What is the competitive exclusion principle?
15. How do predation and herbivory affect and shape communities?
16. How would you describe a keystone species? Give an example.
17. What does symbiosis mean?
18. What are the 3 types of symbiotic relationships? Explain each relationship. Give at
least one example of each.
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2.
3.
19. What is the difference between a parasite and a predator?
4.3 Succession
20. What are the differences and similarities between primary and secondary
succession?
21. Give examples of events that would require an ecosystem to undergo primary
succession.
22. Give examples of events that would require an ecosystem to undergo secondary
succession.
23. What situations might cause an ecosystem to never fully recover from a
disturbance?
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24. What is a pioneer species? Give an example?
4.4 Biomes
25. What are the main biotic and abiotic factors that are used to characterize biomes?
26. What is a canopy, and what is an understory? In which biome would you find these?
27. What are the characteristics of deciduous and coniferous trees?
28. How are the animals and plants associated with each biome adapted to the climate
of that biome? Can you give examples?
29. Which biome has permafrost?
30. Which biome has many large animals that travel in herds?
31. Which biome has the most precipitation? The least precipitation?
32. Which biome is also known as a “taiga”?
33. What is the main difference between a tropical rain forest and tropical dry forest?
34. What major land areas are not easily classified into a major biome?
4.5 Aquatic Ecosystems
35. What four main factors affect what life is found in an aquatic ecosystem?
Freshwater Ecosystems
36. What are the 3 major categories of freshwater ecosystems?
37. How is a wetland different from a lake or a pond?
38. How are freshwater wetlands beneficial?
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Estuaries
39. Where are estuaries found?
40. Why are estuaries important ecologically and commercially?
41. What is unique about the amount of biomass and number of species found in an
estuary?
Marine Ecosystems
42. How are organisms that live in the intertidal zone adapted to their environment?
43. What are examples of organisms that are adapted to living in the intertidal zone?
44. Where does most photosynthetic activity on Earth occur?
45. The zones of marine ecosystems are divided based on what factors?
46. What is the basis of the food web for organisms in the aphotic open ocean zone?
47. What characteristics differentiate the photic zone from the aphotic zone?
48. Why is the coastal ocean zone able to support so much life?
49. + or O More than 90% of the world’s ocean area is considered open ocean.
50. + or O Zooplankton can be found in the aphotic, benthic zone of the open ocean.
51. In which zone of a marine ecosystem would you find kelp forests and coral reefs?