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Chapter 4 Science Study Guide Write the word or words that best complete each sentence in the spaces below. Words may only be used once. biome bathyal taiga nekton carbon cycle extinct species climax community nitrogen cycle 1. The desert primary succession water cycle pioneer species estuary evaporation succession biome contains mostly sand and rocks. 2. The process of an ecosystem changing into a different ecosystem is called . 3. The category of organisms in a water ecosystem that includes the larger, active swimmers is called . 4. The ocean zone called is home to sharks and squids. 5. A major land ecosystem of Earth is known as a(n) 6. The involves trapping a gas into compounds in the soil. 7. The formation of a new community where few living things exist is know as . 8. The continuous movement of water between Earth’s surface and the air is the . 9. The first species to live in an otherwise lifeless area is a(n) . 10. The changing of a liquid into a gas is called 11. A species becomes a(n) member dies. . when the last 12. The final stage in succession is . 13. A cool, forest biome containing coniferous evergreen trees is the . 14. The involves the continuous exchange of carbon among living things. 15. A(n) is an ecosystem that is part salt water and part fresh water. Answer the following questions. 1. Describe characteristics of and what types of animals and plants live in the following biomes: Taiga: Desert: Grassland: Rainforest: 2. What is the difference between an endangered species and a threatened species? 3. What types of items/life appear in each stage of primary succession? Pioneer Community: Intermediate Community: Climax Community: 4. What is an estuary and why is it a good place or animals to live? 5. Describe each step in the water cycle.