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De los Reyes 1
Spanish 3
Semester 1 Review
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Etapa Preliminar
Gramatica:
Yo
Tu
El/ella/usted
Nosotros
Vosotros
Ellos/ellas/ustedes
-ar
O
As
A
Amos
Ais
an
Present tense
-er
O
Es
E
Emos
Eis
en
-ir
O
Es
E
Emos
Eis
en
Stem changes:
e  ie
o  ue
eI
pensar  peinso
dormir  duermo
pedir  pido
Irregular yo verbs
Caer  caigo
Hacer  hago
Poner  pongo
Salir  salgo
Traer  traigo
Valer  valgo
Conocer  conozco
Dar  Doy
Saber  se
Ver  veo
Preterite tense
Yo
Tu
El/ella/usted
Nosotros
Vosotros
Ellos/ellas/ustedes
-ar
E
Aste
O
Amos
Asteis
aron
Verbs with spelling changes in the preterite
C  qu
buscar  busque
G  gu
llegar  llegue
Zc
almorzar  almorce
-er
I
Iste
Io
Imos
Isteis
ieron
-ir
I
Iste
Io
Imos
Isteis
ieron
De los Reyes 2
-ir verbs with stem changes in the preterite
change for el/ella & ellos/ellas form:
sentir
divertirse
dormir
pedir
despedirse
preferir
repetir
sugerir
vestirse
Irregular Preterites
Tener/ estar/ andar
TuvEstuvAnduv-
Poder/ poner/ saber
PudPusSup-
Decir/ traer/ producir
DijTrajProduj-
Hacer/ venir/ querer
HicVinQuis-
Dar/ ver
divi-
Vocabulary
 Common –ar verbs
 Common –er verbs
 Common –ir verbs
 Common stem- changing verbs
 Common reflexive verbs
 Common verbs with irregular yo
form



Common preterite stem- changing
verbs
Common spelling- change preterite
verbs
Common irregular preterite verbs
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Unidad 1 Etapa 1
Gramatica:
Ser is used to…
Estar is used to…
-Identify people and things
-To express location of something
-Express time and date
-To express a state of health, emotions,
feeling , etcetera …
-Tell where or when an event happens
-To describe characteristics that will not
change
De los Reyes 3
The imperfect Tense- ongoing, habitiual, or incomplete actions. Tell time in the past
-ar
-er
-ir
Aba
Ia
Ia
Yo
Abas
Ias
Ias
Tu
Aba
Ia
Ia
El/ella/usted
Abamos
Iamos
Iamos
Nosotros
Abais
Ias
Ias
Vosotros
ian
ian
Ellos/ellas/ustedes aban
Irregular verbs in the imperfect tense
ir
Iba
Yo
Ibas
Tu
Iba
El/ella/usted
Ibamos
Nosotros
Ibais
Vosotros
Ellos/ellas/ustedes iban
ser
Era
Eras
Era
Eramos
Erais
eran
ver
Veia
Veias
Veia
Veiamos
Veiais
veian
The preterite tense is used to describe a complete action. The imperfect tense is used to describe
ongoing actions or conditions in the past (also used to tell what was going on while something
else was happening).
Present and past perfect
-ar  ado
-er / -ir  ido
Present perfect: Present tense haber + verb w/ -ido/ -ado ending
Used to talk about events or actions that have already occurred
Past perfect: imperfect form of haber + verb w/ -ido/ -ado ending
Use for an action that has already occurred while something else happened
Irregular past participles:
Abrir  abierto
Cubir  cubierto
Decir  dicho
Escribir  escrito
Hacer  hecho
Morir  muerto
Vocabulary:
 Personality
 Physical appearance
Poner  puesto
Resolver  reuselto
Romper  roto
Ver  visto
Volver  vuelto


Comparisons
interactions
De los Reyes 4
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Unidad 1 etapa 2
Grammar:
Verbs like gustar
Use with indirect object pronouns (me, te, le, nos, os, les)
Use gusta in reference to a singular direct object
Use gustan in reference to a plural direct object
Other verbs like gustar:
Encantar
Faltar
Fasinar
Molestar
Intereresar
Duedarle bien
Quedarle mal
importar
The Future Tense
Used to express something to happen in the future or to express probability
The future can be expressed in three ways:
1. ir + a + infinitive
2. in context of a future time
3. using the future tense
Yo
Tu
El/ella/usted
Nosotros
Vosotros
Ellos/ellas/ustedes
Future tense: infinitive + ending
E
As
A
Emos
eis
An
Irregular future tense verbs
Decir  dirHacer  harPonder  pondrSalir  saldrTener  tendrVocabulary:
 fashion
 items
 likes an dislikes
Valer  valdVenir  vendrPoder  podrQuerer  querrSaber  sabr


materials
ya sabes
talk about pastimes


talk about the
future
predict actions
De los Reyes 5
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Unidad 1 etapa 3
Gramatica:
Reflexive verbs
Used to describe a person doing something that involves himself/ herself. Verb ends in –se. you
can also use it to express a reciprocal relationship. (we know each other/ we fight often)
Reflexive pronouns are me, te, se, nos, and os.
Example: ducharse
Me ducho por la noche
Impersonal contructions with se
Use se in order to avoid specifying who the specific person is.
If the noun that follows the verb is singular, the verb is in el/ ella form.
If the noun that follows the verb is plural, use the ellos/ ellas form.
Vocabulary:
 household chores- tasks and objects
 express feelings


other words
say what friends do
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Unidad 2 Etapa 1
Grammar:
Command forms
Usted/ ustedes commands:
Yo form of verb  drop the o  add appropriate ending (shown below)
For usted commands:
-e ending for –ar verbs
-a ending for –er/ -ir verbs
For ustedes commands:
-en ending for –ar verbs
-an ending for –er/ -ir verbs
Tu commands:
Tu commands take the form of a third person ending
Negative tu commands
For negative tu commands add:
De los Reyes 6
-es ending for –ar verbs
-as ending for –er verbs

if the stem of a verb is irregular in the yo form, then it is irregular in the command form
Nosotros commands
Yo form of verb  drop the o  add appropriate ending (shown below)
-emos ending for –ar verbs
-amos ending for –er verbs

if the stem of a verb is irregular in the yo form, then it is irregular in the command form
Irregular nosotros commands
Dar  demos
Estar  estemos
Saber  sepamos
Ser  seamos
Use nosotros command to say “let’s do something”
Vamos a + infinitive
Say let’s not do something
No + nosotros command
Reflexive nosotros commands
Command form – s + nos
The conditional tense
Talk aboiut what would happen under certain conditions or used to make polite requests
Conditional tense: infinitive + ending
Ia
Yo
Ias
Tu
Ia
El/ella/usted
Iamos
Nosotros
Iais
Vosotros
Ellos/ellas/ustedes Ian
Irregular stem changes in the future tense
Decir  dirHacer  harPoder  - podr
Poner  - pondrQuerer  querr-
Saber  sabrSalir  saldrTener  tendrValer  valdrVenir  vendr-
Vocabulary:
 say what you want to do: actions/ people, places, and things
De los Reyes 7
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Unidad 2 Etapa 2
Gramatica:
Present subjunctive of Regular verbs
IDEAO  Influence, Doubt, Expression of feelings, Advice, Ojala (hope)
Used to express opinion
Es ____ que + present subjunctive verb
Present subjunctive verb endings
-ar
E
Yo
Es
Tu
E
El/ella/usted
Emos
Nosotros
Eis
Vosotros
Ellos/ellas/ustedes En
-er
A
As
A
Amos
Ais
An
-ir
A
As
A
Amos
Ais
An
Spalling changes
C  qu
G  gu
Zc
Present subjunctive of irregular verbs
Dar  de, des, de, demos, deis, den
Estar  este, estes, este, stenos, esteis, esten
Ir  vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayais, vayan
Saber  sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepias, sepan
Ser  sea, seas, sea, seanos, seais, sean
Subjunctive of haber is haya
Verbs with yo forms that end in –go or –zco in present indicative use the same irregular stem in
subjunctive
Decir  diga, digas, diga, digamos, digais, digan
concocer  conozca, conozcas, conozca, conozcamos, conozcais, conozcan
The present subjunctive of stem changing verbs
When using present subjunctive, remember that stem change rules are the same as boot verbs (do
not stem change nosotros and vosotros verbs)
Present Perfect Subjunctive
Use to indicate that the action of the subordinate clause took place in the past
De los Reyes 8
Present tense of haber + past participle of the verb
Examples:
Present perfect subjunctive- it is possible that juan has visited/ visited maria
Present subjunctive- it is possible that juan is visiting/ will visit maria.
Vocabulary:
 react to ecology
 say what should be done
 react to others actions
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List of verb tenses to know:
1. Present
2. Preterite
3. Imperfect
4. Present perfect
5. Past perfect
6. Gustar verbs
7. Future
8. Reflexive verbs
9. Nostoros commands
10. Usted/ ustedes commands
11. Tu commands
12. Conditional
13. Present subjunctive
14. Present perfect subjunctive