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De los Reyes 1 Spanish 3 Semester 1 Review ______________________________________________________________________________ Etapa Preliminar Gramatica: Yo Tu El/ella/usted Nosotros Vosotros Ellos/ellas/ustedes -ar O As A Amos Ais an Present tense -er O Es E Emos Eis en -ir O Es E Emos Eis en Stem changes: e ie o ue eI pensar peinso dormir duermo pedir pido Irregular yo verbs Caer caigo Hacer hago Poner pongo Salir salgo Traer traigo Valer valgo Conocer conozco Dar Doy Saber se Ver veo Preterite tense Yo Tu El/ella/usted Nosotros Vosotros Ellos/ellas/ustedes -ar E Aste O Amos Asteis aron Verbs with spelling changes in the preterite C qu buscar busque G gu llegar llegue Zc almorzar almorce -er I Iste Io Imos Isteis ieron -ir I Iste Io Imos Isteis ieron De los Reyes 2 -ir verbs with stem changes in the preterite change for el/ella & ellos/ellas form: sentir divertirse dormir pedir despedirse preferir repetir sugerir vestirse Irregular Preterites Tener/ estar/ andar TuvEstuvAnduv- Poder/ poner/ saber PudPusSup- Decir/ traer/ producir DijTrajProduj- Hacer/ venir/ querer HicVinQuis- Dar/ ver divi- Vocabulary Common –ar verbs Common –er verbs Common –ir verbs Common stem- changing verbs Common reflexive verbs Common verbs with irregular yo form Common preterite stem- changing verbs Common spelling- change preterite verbs Common irregular preterite verbs ______________________________________________________________________________ Unidad 1 Etapa 1 Gramatica: Ser is used to… Estar is used to… -Identify people and things -To express location of something -Express time and date -To express a state of health, emotions, feeling , etcetera … -Tell where or when an event happens -To describe characteristics that will not change De los Reyes 3 The imperfect Tense- ongoing, habitiual, or incomplete actions. Tell time in the past -ar -er -ir Aba Ia Ia Yo Abas Ias Ias Tu Aba Ia Ia El/ella/usted Abamos Iamos Iamos Nosotros Abais Ias Ias Vosotros ian ian Ellos/ellas/ustedes aban Irregular verbs in the imperfect tense ir Iba Yo Ibas Tu Iba El/ella/usted Ibamos Nosotros Ibais Vosotros Ellos/ellas/ustedes iban ser Era Eras Era Eramos Erais eran ver Veia Veias Veia Veiamos Veiais veian The preterite tense is used to describe a complete action. The imperfect tense is used to describe ongoing actions or conditions in the past (also used to tell what was going on while something else was happening). Present and past perfect -ar ado -er / -ir ido Present perfect: Present tense haber + verb w/ -ido/ -ado ending Used to talk about events or actions that have already occurred Past perfect: imperfect form of haber + verb w/ -ido/ -ado ending Use for an action that has already occurred while something else happened Irregular past participles: Abrir abierto Cubir cubierto Decir dicho Escribir escrito Hacer hecho Morir muerto Vocabulary: Personality Physical appearance Poner puesto Resolver reuselto Romper roto Ver visto Volver vuelto Comparisons interactions De los Reyes 4 ______________________________________________________________________________ Unidad 1 etapa 2 Grammar: Verbs like gustar Use with indirect object pronouns (me, te, le, nos, os, les) Use gusta in reference to a singular direct object Use gustan in reference to a plural direct object Other verbs like gustar: Encantar Faltar Fasinar Molestar Intereresar Duedarle bien Quedarle mal importar The Future Tense Used to express something to happen in the future or to express probability The future can be expressed in three ways: 1. ir + a + infinitive 2. in context of a future time 3. using the future tense Yo Tu El/ella/usted Nosotros Vosotros Ellos/ellas/ustedes Future tense: infinitive + ending E As A Emos eis An Irregular future tense verbs Decir dirHacer harPonder pondrSalir saldrTener tendrVocabulary: fashion items likes an dislikes Valer valdVenir vendrPoder podrQuerer querrSaber sabr materials ya sabes talk about pastimes talk about the future predict actions De los Reyes 5 ______________________________________________________________________________ Unidad 1 etapa 3 Gramatica: Reflexive verbs Used to describe a person doing something that involves himself/ herself. Verb ends in –se. you can also use it to express a reciprocal relationship. (we know each other/ we fight often) Reflexive pronouns are me, te, se, nos, and os. Example: ducharse Me ducho por la noche Impersonal contructions with se Use se in order to avoid specifying who the specific person is. If the noun that follows the verb is singular, the verb is in el/ ella form. If the noun that follows the verb is plural, use the ellos/ ellas form. Vocabulary: household chores- tasks and objects express feelings other words say what friends do ______________________________________________________________________________ Unidad 2 Etapa 1 Grammar: Command forms Usted/ ustedes commands: Yo form of verb drop the o add appropriate ending (shown below) For usted commands: -e ending for –ar verbs -a ending for –er/ -ir verbs For ustedes commands: -en ending for –ar verbs -an ending for –er/ -ir verbs Tu commands: Tu commands take the form of a third person ending Negative tu commands For negative tu commands add: De los Reyes 6 -es ending for –ar verbs -as ending for –er verbs if the stem of a verb is irregular in the yo form, then it is irregular in the command form Nosotros commands Yo form of verb drop the o add appropriate ending (shown below) -emos ending for –ar verbs -amos ending for –er verbs if the stem of a verb is irregular in the yo form, then it is irregular in the command form Irregular nosotros commands Dar demos Estar estemos Saber sepamos Ser seamos Use nosotros command to say “let’s do something” Vamos a + infinitive Say let’s not do something No + nosotros command Reflexive nosotros commands Command form – s + nos The conditional tense Talk aboiut what would happen under certain conditions or used to make polite requests Conditional tense: infinitive + ending Ia Yo Ias Tu Ia El/ella/usted Iamos Nosotros Iais Vosotros Ellos/ellas/ustedes Ian Irregular stem changes in the future tense Decir dirHacer harPoder - podr Poner - pondrQuerer querr- Saber sabrSalir saldrTener tendrValer valdrVenir vendr- Vocabulary: say what you want to do: actions/ people, places, and things De los Reyes 7 ______________________________________________________________________________ Unidad 2 Etapa 2 Gramatica: Present subjunctive of Regular verbs IDEAO Influence, Doubt, Expression of feelings, Advice, Ojala (hope) Used to express opinion Es ____ que + present subjunctive verb Present subjunctive verb endings -ar E Yo Es Tu E El/ella/usted Emos Nosotros Eis Vosotros Ellos/ellas/ustedes En -er A As A Amos Ais An -ir A As A Amos Ais An Spalling changes C qu G gu Zc Present subjunctive of irregular verbs Dar de, des, de, demos, deis, den Estar este, estes, este, stenos, esteis, esten Ir vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayais, vayan Saber sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepias, sepan Ser sea, seas, sea, seanos, seais, sean Subjunctive of haber is haya Verbs with yo forms that end in –go or –zco in present indicative use the same irregular stem in subjunctive Decir diga, digas, diga, digamos, digais, digan concocer conozca, conozcas, conozca, conozcamos, conozcais, conozcan The present subjunctive of stem changing verbs When using present subjunctive, remember that stem change rules are the same as boot verbs (do not stem change nosotros and vosotros verbs) Present Perfect Subjunctive Use to indicate that the action of the subordinate clause took place in the past De los Reyes 8 Present tense of haber + past participle of the verb Examples: Present perfect subjunctive- it is possible that juan has visited/ visited maria Present subjunctive- it is possible that juan is visiting/ will visit maria. Vocabulary: react to ecology say what should be done react to others actions ______________________________________________________________________________ List of verb tenses to know: 1. Present 2. Preterite 3. Imperfect 4. Present perfect 5. Past perfect 6. Gustar verbs 7. Future 8. Reflexive verbs 9. Nostoros commands 10. Usted/ ustedes commands 11. Tu commands 12. Conditional 13. Present subjunctive 14. Present perfect subjunctive