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By: Ushna Abbasi Nada K. Baig Mannal Cheema Introduction History The Main Features of Jahiliyya What Quran says… Different Kinds Muslim Scholars Jahiliyya in Society The link with Abu Jahl Summary Arabic word which means ignorance or ignorance of Divine guidance Literally means Days of Ignorance Refers to those who are not following Islam and Quran It refers to the time period before the first revelation of Quran (Makkan’s were bankrupted and ignorant to Allah’s existence) The state in which the Arabs were before Islam, during which they were ignorant of Allah and were boastful of their ancestral nobility, arrogance, ruthlessness and the like. Before Islam came, the Arabs were migrants and followed strict rules and regulations with basic religious beliefs. The hanfi’s somehow did belief in one God but the worshipping of idols near Kabaa’ was practiced more. Therefore this word Jahiliyya was used to reflect the period of ignorance and darkness. It also target to those who haven’t turned towards the Muslim faith regardless the revelation of the Quran. People lacked morals. They practiced polytheism and worshipped idols and statues housed in the Kab'ah. Women had a very poor status and were treated as second class citizens. Gambling, the charging of interest (usury) and the consumption of alcohol was also commonplace. Makkan society was particularly violent and blood vendettas were common. a never ending cycle of attack and vendetta. People were greedy and self interested. Poor members of society and orphans had little protection and were treated badly. Before his call to prophet hood in 610CE, Muhammad was acutely aware of the immorality and sinful practices of the society therefore he was often found away from society, spending his time in prayer and meditation in Cave Hira on Mount Nur contemplating the woeful situation of Makkah. The term jahiliyyah is used several places in the Quran, and translations often use various terms to represent it: 3:154 “Then, following misery, He sent down upon you a feeling of security, a slumber overcoming a party among you, while another party cared only for themselves, thinking false thoughts about God, thoughts fit for the Age of Idolatry. “ 5:50 “Do they truly desire the law of paganism? But who is fairer than God in judgment for a people firm of faith?” 33:33 “Remain in your homes, and do not display your adornments, as was the case with the earlier Age of Barbarism.” 48:26 “For the unbelievers had planted in their hearts a zealotry, the zealotry of lawlessness ...” Jahiliyyah is derived from the term ‘Jahl’ which is lack of knowledge and it is of two kinds: 1. Universal Jahiliyyah, which existed before the Mission of the Messenger PBUH and ended with it. 2. Restricted Jahiliyyah, which exists in some countries, cities or persons. Whereas the correct statement to say is, ‘he Jahiliyyah of some or most of the people of this century.’ It is neither correct not permissible to impute universality to it, for universal Jahiliyyah was obliterated by the Mission of the Prophet PBUH. Islamic scholar Ibn Taymiyyah was the first one to use the term to describe backsliders in contemporary Muslim society. In the 20th century, Indian Islamist writer Abul Ala Maududi wrote of it. Sayyid Qutb popularized the term in his influential work Ma'alim fi al-Tariq "Milestones", stating that the Muslim community has been extinct for a few centuries”. Sayyid Qutb wrote in his book, ‘Milestones’, p .19 ,that ; “When a person embraced Islam during the time of the Prophet, he would immediately cut himself off from Jahiliyyah. When he stepped into the circle of Islam, he would start a new life, separating himself completely from his past life under ignorance of the Divine Law. He would look upon the deeds during his life of ignorance with mistrust and fear, with a feeling that these were impure and could not be tolerated in Islam! With this feeling, he would turn toward Islam for new guidance; and if at any time temptations overpowered him, or the old habits attracted him, or if he became lax in carrying out the injunctions of Islam, he would become restless with a sense of guilt and would feel the need to purify himself of what had happened, and would turn to the Quran to mold himself according to its guidance.” The term can be used for modern day Muslims, specially under the light of Qutb’s work. He states that: - Reappearance of Jahiliyya is a result of the lack of Sharia law, without which Islam cannot exist. - That true Islam is a complete system with no room for any element of Jahiliyya; - That all aspects of Jahiliyya ("manners, ideas and concepts, rules and regulations, values and criteria") are evil and corrupt. Non-Muslim societies may also be termed jahili. Chief vice of the kafirun was ‘jahiliyyah’; Muslims traditionally used the term to refer to the pre Islamic Arabia, literal translation would be ‘ the time of ignorance’. The root ‘JHL’ has connotations of ignorance, its primary meaning is ‘ irascibility’. That means, easily angered or shows extreme sensitivity towards honour and prestige.Therefore, the jahilli people were too proud to surrender to Islam. Muslims called Abu-l-hakam, their chief enemy,’ ABU JAHL’. That’s not because he was ignorant of Islam, but because he fought Islam arrogantly with blind, fierce, reckless passion. A true hater! Jahiliyya couldn’t be eradicated overnight. Quran urges Muslims to practice ‘HILM’ a traditional Arab virtue. People who practiced Hilm were: - Patient, merciful and forbearing. - controlled their anger and remained calm in difficult situations - they were slow to retaliate. - they took positive and peaceful actions such as showing gentleness and courtesy. He regularly subjected any Muslims he met with violent verbal abuse. He slandered them with vicious lies and rumours. He threatened Muslim merchants He would be up the weaker Muslims i.e. the slaves with less protection. He imposed bans on Muslims and boycotted some tribes. In such cases it was difficult for Muslims to practice hilm specially after being raised in the jahiliyya spirit. Even Prophet (PBUH) struggled with his composure. However, Quran reminded people that such behaviours in the society wont last for long and eventually collapse therefore being patient was the only way out. Jahiliyya means ignorance of Divine guidance and should not be practiced. The story of Abu Jahl and Prophet(PBUH) teaches us how to be patient and how to stay away from activities that promote modern day jahiliyya. It is being practiced in society and we should stay away from it. http://www.qsep.com/modules.php?name=a qtawhid&file=article&sid=7 http://megmoon.hubpages.com/hub/Whatis-Jahiliyya http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahiliyyah