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9541_p8_p452_462_sb4 2/4/01 P8 10:56 am Page 455 Word sheets Word sheets that include new words from the ‘Focus on:’ pages are available on the Exploring Science website. P8a – Sound advice Word Pronunciation Meaning Energy Something that is needed to make things happen. Gas Something made of particles that are very spread out and have no bonds between them. Liquid Something made of particles that are fairly close together, but with bonds that are less strong than in solids. The particles can move past each other in a liquid. Solid Something made of particles that are very close together, held by strong bonds. The particles cannot move past each other. Sound A form of energy made by something vibrating. Vacuum A completely empty space with no particles. Vibrate Move backwards and forwards. P8b – Music to your ears Word Pronunciation Amplitude Frequency Meaning Half the height of a wave. free-kwen-see The number of waves each second. Hertz (Hz) The unit for frequency. 1 hertz means one wave per second. Loudness How loud a sound is; the volume of a sound. Oscilloscope oss-ill-O-skope An instrument which shows a picture of a wave on a screen. Pitch How high or low a note sounds. Wavelength The distance between the tops of two waves. Page 1 of 2 Exploring Science Copymaster File 1 455 © Pearson Education Limited 2001 B 8 9541_p8_p452_462_sb4 2/4/01 10:56 am P8 Page 456 Word sheets (continued) P8c – ’ear ’ear P 8 Word Pronunciation Meaning Auditory nerve ord-i-tory A nerve that carries electrical signals (impulses) from the ear to the brain. Cochlea cok-lee-a The part of the ear that changes vibrations into electrical impulses. Eardrum A thin membrane inside the ear which vibrates when sound reaches it. Ear bones Small bones which transmits the vibrations of the eardrum to the inner ear. Inner ear The part of the ear that changes vibrations into electrical signals. P8d – Annoyed by noise Word Pronunciation Meaning Decibel (dB) dess-i-bell Unit for measuring the loudness of a sound. Noise Unpleasant sound. Sound intensity meter A meter which measures the loudness of a sound. Sound intensity The loudness of a sound. Soundproofing Materials that stop sound passing through something. Threshold of hearing The quietest sound that can be heard. P8e – Sound travelling light Word Pronunciation Meaning Echo eck-O A sound which is reflected back from something solid. Reflected Bouncing off something. Page 2 of 2 Exploring Science Copymaster File 1 456 © Pearson Education Limited 2001