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Lecture Notes
for
Ancient Greece
Chapter 5
PART 1
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
GPS’s for Unit 2: Greece & Rome
SSWH3 examine the political, philosophical, and cultural interaction of Classical
Mediterranean societies from 700 BCE to 400 CE.
A. Compare the origins and structure of the Greek polis, the Roman Republic, and
the Roman Empire.
B. Identify the ideas and impact of important individuals; include Socrates, Plato,
and Aristotle and describe the diffusion of Greek culture by Aristotle’s pupil
Alexander the Great and the impact of Julius and Augustus Caesar.
C. Analyze the contributions of Hellenistic and Roman culture; include law,
gender, and science.
D. Describe polytheism in the Greek and Roman world and the origins and
diffusion of Christianity in the Roman world.
E. Analyze the factors that led to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.
First,
where
is
Ancient
Greece?
Intro video: The History of the Ancient Greeks
(9:47)
Stop at 5:00
PAY ATTENTION!
Follow along with your notes and fill in the blanks as we discuss the Ancient Greeks:
The ________________
GEOGRAPHY
of Greece lends to its later
development as a naval
power. It is a mountainous
region that only had 20% of
its land available to farming.
The climate is temperate
which cultivates and outside
living atmosphere.
The Indo-Europeans settled this area were at first called
___________________________.
These are the first Greeks.
MYCENAEANS
Their fortified city, Mycenae, was located on top of a rocky
ACROPOLIS
ridge. It is here where the _________________
was located
and later the great architectural marvel, the
PARTHENON
_________________________.
The Mycenaean’s borrowed
MINOANS
much of their culture from the _________________________,
who occupied an island in the middle of the MEDITERRANEAN
________
What is a Greek Polis?
•The POLIS (plural, poleis) was the ancient Greek
city-state. The word politics comes from this Greek
word.
•In the ancient world, the polis was a nucleus, the
central urban area that could also have controlled
the surrounding countryside. (The word polis could
also refer to the city's body of citizens.) This
surrounding countryside (chora or ge) could also be
considered part of the polis.
The Dorian Age begins when the Mycenaean civilization
collapses because of raiders. Another group of people
move in - the Dorians. They are not advanced and don’t
WRITTEN WORKS
leave behind any ______________________________.
So, the Doric Age is equated to a
_____________________.
The only thing we really know
DARK AGE
HOMER
about this age is from the writings of _______________.
He wrote _____________;
the ______________
and the
EPICS
ILLIAD
ODYSSEY
___________________.
Both are about the
TROJAN WAR
______________________________.
(LONG STORY POEMS)
City-States were each ruled differently usually by
KINGS aristocracy (___________)
WEALTHY
monarchy (______),
or
GROUP
oligarchy (________________)
and sometimes by
________________________.
But two city-states
DICTATORS
that became the best because they were ruled
differently were ____________________
&
ATHENS
__________________.
But, still it was basically the
SPARTA
RICH
________________
who ruled. The economic
deviation was so great between the rich and poor;
and this is what fostered the democratic process in
Athens.
PART 2
GOVERNMENT STYLES
Athens: Considered one of the greatest cultures in
history, the city itself was located on the mainland of
Greece. They are credited with creating the govt
DEMOCRACY
style of ______________________.
Only free, adult
males could vote and had rights; women had NO
rights.
Athens is also well known for their love art and
architecture.
Athenian Society
Structure
Sparta: Known for their fierceness in battle and over
Simplistic lifestyle this city states was located on the
PELOPONNESUS
__________________ and partly because of this they
developed a _______________________________.
MILITARISTIC WAY OF LIFE
Two kings ruled the city, but a 28-member 'council of
elders' limited their powers. These men were recruited from the highest
social class.
Society structure was strictly structured into three groups but life
centered on military training. Boys began their training at the age of
______.
7 Spartan Women had more rights than Women in other citystates. They could be athletic and run the estate – but could not
VOTE
__________.
Spartan
Society
Structure
How Spartans are trained.
PART 3
The Wars
The Trojan War
Troy is located in ________________.
ANATOLIA
Paris, a Trojan, steals Helen away
from Greece. The Greeks had to
retaliate; this is where we get the
story of the ____________________.
TROJAN HORSE
As a gift a giant wooden horse was
built and Greek soldiers hide inside
until it was pulled inside the walls of
the city. Then, after dark – Attack!
WIN the war. It was a
The Greeks ______
legend until 1988.
2:15 CLIP
So you
can
visualize
Persian War:
Greece VS Persia – Persia invades a Greek settlement in Anatolia.
The Persian King, Xerxes, invades Greece with _______
80,000 men. He
lands at ______________________.
This is the famous Battle of
THERMOPLYAE
300 Spartans who defend the mountain pass so the Persians
cannot get into Greece. 10,000 Greek hoplite soldiers face him –
he ________
war.
LOSES the battle, but ___________the
WINS
HOLLYWOOD’S
VERSION
HISTORY’S
VERSION
So you
can
visualize
Another Legend out of the Persian Wars…
But, Athens has no soldiers left to protect the city! When
MARATHON ______________
PHIDIPPIDES is
the Persians land at ____________,
chosen to go to Sparta to ask for military help. Phidippides
runs back to Athens (140mi) to let them know their
answer (no). So then the Athenians fought the Persians at
Marathon, including Phidippides, and win. So then, he
runs back to Athens after their victory (in full battle gear),
its 26
__ miles, to tell the people to not give up. He delivers
the message and falls down and dies from exhaustion.
How does this relate to us today? MODERN DAY MARATHONS
ARE 26 MILES
RUN TO SPARTA (140)
RUN TO ATHENS (26.2)
After the Persian War Athens
enters the
________________________
and
_______________________ is
appointed leader. He had 3
goals for Athens:
1) ______________________:
by introducing a direct
democracy
2) ______________________:
enlarge wealth, power &
safety through strength of
the navy and
3) _______________________:
make Athens one of the most
beautiful cities in the world. He
builds the Parthenon and
dedicates it to the goddess
Athena.
GOLDEN AGE
PERICLES
BETTER ATHENS
STRENGTHEN
BEAUTIFY
The Peloponnesian War
ATHENS
is __________________
vs ___________________;
begins in
SPARTA
431BCE. _____________________
has the strongest sea power
ATHENS
and _____________________
has the strongest land military.
SPARTA
Eventually, ______________
begins to win and Pericles brings all
SPARTA
his people inside the walls of Athens. This spells disaster in the
way of ______________.
__________________
surrenders in
DISEASE
ATHENS
404BCE and is no longer a power.
PART 4
Alexander the Great
&
The Philosophers
The Peloponnesian War results in a weakened Greece.
_________________
of Macedon invades Greece. Philip’s son is
PHILIP II
____________________.
Philip decides to take Persia next (to
ALEXANDER
avenge the Persian invasion of Greece 100+ yrs ago). But, he is
murdered at his daughters wedding. So, Alexander proclaims
himself king and pursues his father’s plans. (He becomes
Alexander the Great) He becomes a great leader who is feared
for his cruelty to those who rebel against him. He invades
______________
and defeats them. (Refer to map on page 144)
PERSIA
Then, he off goes to __________
EGYPT where he’s declared pharaoh
and founds a new city at the mouth of the ____________,
called
NILE
ALEXANDRIA
___________________.
Alexander goes east to Asia and makes
it to the edge of _______________and
fights a battle that
INDIA
includes 200 elephants. He _________.
Alexander and his men have been fighting for _______
11 years and have marched
more than _________
11,000 miles. They are ready to go home. They get to
_______________
BABYLON where one year later Alexander dies at age 32. His empire is
divided between his generals.
CULTUREIt was called
As Alexander traveled he inadvertently created a new ___________.
the: HELLENISTIC CULTURE
This is a blend of ____________________,
_______________________,
GREEK
PERSIAN
EGYPTIAN
_______________________
and ___________________________
influences. The
INDIAN
city of ________________________
in Africa became THE place to be. Significant
ALEXANDRIA
contributions from the city were in astronomy, math, physics and art.
Yep, Watch this – its not bad (11:02)
The Philosophers: Socrates, Plato & Aristotle
Philosophy is
THE STUDY OF IDEAS ABOUT KNOWLEDGE ,
TRUTH, THE NATURE AND MEANING OF LIFE
There are 3 philosophers you need to know a little about.
Socrates
He is the main source of Western Thought.
His most well known student was
PLATO
__________________,
who is the one who
wrote what we know about him.
He is most well known for his
_____________________.
SOCRATIC METHOD When he started
questioning how Athens was being run, he
was charged with corrupting the youth of
Athens and put on trial. He was sentenced
to death by drinking hemlock. He could
have chosen exile, but did not.
“Strong minds discuss
ideas, average minds
discuss events, weak
minds discuss people.”
PLATO
is also a philosopher who was a
SOCRATES and the
student of __________
ARISTOTLE
teacher of ___________.
His writings
JUSTICE ________
would explore _______,
BEAUTY
EQUALITY
and ___________among
many other
ACADEMY
things. He founded the __________
in Athens which is one of the first
institutions of higher learning in the
western world.
“Rhythm and Harmony find
their way into the inward
places of the soul”
ARISTOTLE
was a friend of Plato and
ACADEMY
student of the ___________.
He was also the teacher of
____________________.
ALEXANDER THE GREAT He
would found his own school
LYCEUM
called the _________where
the focus was on the subjects
of science, math, philosophy,
art and politics.
“Knowing yourself is the
beginning of all wisdom”
The Academy