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STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 3 TEST 2014 Name _____________________ What are the two most abundant elements in ocean water? Sodium chlorine Where is the world’s longest mountain chain located? undersea How are regions of the continental margin divided? By depth and slope Where do benthos live? At the bottom of the sea The deep-ocean basin consists of the abyssal plain, mid-ocean ridges, ocean trenches, rift valleys, and what? seamounts What resources can be harvested from the ocean? Minerals, energy, food What is happening to the Pacific Ocean now? Getting smaller The measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid is called salinity The ocean’s surface temperatures vary with time of year and latitude The movement of water from ocean to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean is called Water cycle With sonar, what happens to sound pulses from a ship after they hit the ocean floor? It bounces back to the ship The longer it takes sound to return to a ship, what does that tell you about the depth of the sea floor? The deeper it is To study the ocean floor, scientists use sonar, piloted vessels, robotic vessels, and what else? ( is done from in the air) satellites Most plankton are what? microscopic Describe nekton. Active swimmers Marine organisms are grouped by How they move and where they live Tidal energy is generated from what? Motion of tides Wave energy is what type of resource? renewable Why are drift nets a problem? They accidentally catch dolphins and turtles Engineers drill in the ocean floor for what resource? oil An oil spill from a tanker is an example of what type of pollution? Point source Why are some oil tankers being built with two hulls? To prevent oil spills How can picking up trash on a beach help? (fig.8, pg 108) Makes the beach safer for plants and animals List the oceans in order of size. Begin with the largest. Pacific atlantic Indian arctic The physical change of liquid water to water vapor is called evaporation If sunlight warms only the top 100 m of ocean water, why does the surface zone extend to about 300 m below the surface? (Fig. 5 pg 79) Surface currents mix the warm water with the cool water below Where would the temperature of the ocean probably be lowest? What latitude, what season? Near the poles in winter What underwater feature could become a volcanic island? seamount The most abundant dissolved salt in ocean water is Sodium chloride Which statement is true about the Earth’s oceans? ( last paragraph, pg 77) They have changed over time The two major regions of the ocean floor are the continental margin and the Deep ocean basin An ocean trench runs parallel to what? A chain of volcanic islands Crabs, seaweed, and clams are all considered to be ? benthos What does a food web show? Feeding relationships between organisms Which of the following animals lives mainly in the oceanic zone? zooplankton crab giant squid starfish Coral reefs are found in the neritic____ zone. Farming and fishing are ways of harvesting the ocean’s_renewable___________ resources. ( pgs. 98-99) One kind of renewable resource from the ocean is oil. wave energy. natural gas. minerals. Desalination is the process of removing what from ocean water? salt Wave energy in the North Sea is strong enough to produce power for? (pg 103) Parts of england and scotland Why is plastic trash dangerous to marine animals? (fig 3, pg 105) Animals can mistake it for food and choke on it Most of the oil that pollutes the oceans is caused by? ( 3rd paragraph, pg 107) Nonpoint source What does the U.S. Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act do? ( pg 109) Prohits dumping of harmful materials into the ocean What are the two main food webs on Earth called? Aquatic terrestrial Where is the neritic zone? Where the water becomes deeper and the ocean floor drops off Which marine ecosystem is in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean? Sargasso sea Whales, dolphins, and porpoises are part of the ____________________ group of marine life. nekton Coral, sponges, and seaweed are all part of the ____________________ group of marine life. benthos The neritic and oceanic zones make up the _______________. ( answer: pelagic environment) Drifting organisms that may be plant-like or animal-like are called ____________________. plankton The constant motion of waves can be harnessed to produce ____________________energy. wave People who live in hot, dry climates often rely on ____________________ for their drinking water. ( pg 101) desalination Energy generated from tides is called ____________________. Tidal energy Coastal waters in cool, humid areas where fresh water rivers run into the ocean tend to have lower ____________________. ( second sentence pg. 79.) salinity Where two tectonic plates on the ocean floor move apart, great mountain ranges called ____________________ are formed. Midocean ridge Sponges are ____________________ organisms, which means that they live on the ocean floor. benthic There are two main ____________________ on Earth: aquatic and terrestrial Food webs Most ____________________ are microscopic and float at or near the ocean’s surface. plankton water vapor changing to liquid water condensation the movement of water from ocean through the atmosphere and back water cycle liquid water changing to water vapor evaporation falling rain or snow precipitation third-largest ocean indian physical change of water from liquid to gas evaporation largest ocean pacific second largest ocean atlantic smallest ocean arctic area between the shoreline and the continental slope cont. shelf area between the continental shelf and the ocean floor cont.slope base of the continental slope cont rise broad, flat part of the deep-ocean basin abyssal plain mountain chain on the ocean floor midocean ridge The area where fresh water meets salt water from the oceans estuary This is the deep, dark water of the ocean floor. benthic zone This is where dolphins and sea turtles live. neritic This is exposed to the air for part of the day. intertidal This contains the deep water of the open ocean. Oceanic zone species of alga ( pg 99) seaweed taking more fish than can be naturally replaced ( pg 99) overfishing resources that cannot be replenished nonrenewable removal of salt from ocean water desalination minerals, water, and energy ( living or nonliving) living resources pollution that comes from many places nonpoint pollution that comes from a specific place point source is the solid part of raw sewage sludge is a form of point-source pollution (pg 105 middle of page) trash dumping is a cause of nonpoint-source pollution ( fig 1 pg 104 second picture) boats and jet skis