Download STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 3 TEST 2009

STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 3 TEST 2014
Name _____________________
What are the two most abundant elements in ocean water?
Sodium chlorine
Where is the world’s longest mountain chain located?
undersea
How are regions of the continental margin divided?
By depth and slope
Where do benthos live?
At the bottom of the sea
The deep-ocean basin consists of the abyssal plain, mid-ocean ridges, ocean trenches, rift valleys,
and what?
seamounts
What resources can be harvested from the ocean?
Minerals, energy, food
What is happening to the Pacific Ocean now?
Getting smaller
The measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid is called
salinity
The ocean’s surface temperatures vary with time of year and
latitude
The movement of water from ocean to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean is called
Water cycle
With sonar, what happens to sound pulses from a ship after they hit the ocean floor?
It bounces back to the ship
The longer it takes sound to return to a ship, what does that tell you about the depth of the sea
floor?
The deeper it is
To study the ocean floor, scientists use sonar, piloted vessels, robotic vessels, and
what else? ( is done from in the air)
satellites
Most plankton are what?
microscopic
Describe nekton.
Active swimmers
Marine organisms are grouped by
How they move and where they live
Tidal energy is generated from what?
Motion of tides
Wave energy is what type of resource?
renewable
Why are drift nets a problem?
They accidentally catch dolphins and turtles
Engineers drill in the ocean floor for what resource?
oil
An oil spill from a tanker is an example of what type of pollution?
Point source
Why are some oil tankers being built with two hulls?
To prevent oil spills
How can picking up trash on a beach help? (fig.8, pg 108)
Makes the beach safer for plants and animals
List the oceans in order of size. Begin with the largest.
Pacific atlantic Indian arctic
The physical change of liquid water to water vapor is called
evaporation
If sunlight warms only the top 100 m of ocean water, why does the surface zone extend to about
300 m below the surface? (Fig. 5 pg 79)
Surface currents mix the warm water with the cool water below
Where would the temperature of the ocean probably be lowest? What latitude, what season?
Near the poles in winter
What underwater feature could become a volcanic island?
seamount
The most abundant dissolved salt in ocean water is
Sodium chloride
Which statement is true about the Earth’s oceans? ( last paragraph, pg 77)
They have changed over time
The two major regions of the ocean floor are the continental margin and the
Deep ocean basin
An ocean trench runs parallel to what?
A chain of volcanic islands
Crabs, seaweed, and clams are all considered to be ?
benthos
What does a food web show?
Feeding relationships between organisms
Which of the following animals lives mainly in the oceanic zone?
zooplankton
crab
giant squid
starfish
Coral reefs are found in the neritic____ zone.
Farming and fishing are ways of harvesting the ocean’s_renewable___________ resources. ( pgs.
98-99)
One kind of renewable resource from the ocean is
oil.
wave energy. natural gas.
minerals.
Desalination is the process of removing what from ocean water?
salt
Wave energy in the North Sea is strong enough to produce power for? (pg 103)
Parts of england and scotland
Why is plastic trash dangerous to marine animals? (fig 3, pg 105)
Animals can mistake it for food and choke on it
Most of the oil that pollutes the oceans is caused by? ( 3rd paragraph, pg 107)
Nonpoint source
What does the U.S. Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act do? ( pg 109)
Prohits dumping of harmful materials into the ocean
What are the two main food webs on Earth called?
Aquatic terrestrial
Where is the neritic zone?
Where the water becomes deeper and the ocean floor drops off
Which marine ecosystem is in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean?
Sargasso sea
Whales, dolphins, and porpoises are part of the ____________________ group of marine life.
nekton
Coral, sponges, and seaweed are all part of the ____________________ group of marine life.
benthos
The neritic and oceanic zones make up the _______________. ( answer: pelagic environment)
Drifting organisms that may be plant-like or animal-like are called ____________________.
plankton
The constant motion of waves can be harnessed to produce ____________________energy.
wave
People who live in hot, dry climates often rely on ____________________ for their drinking
water. ( pg 101)
desalination
Energy generated from tides is called ____________________.
Tidal energy
Coastal waters in cool, humid areas where fresh water rivers run into the ocean tend to have lower
____________________. ( second sentence pg. 79.)
salinity
Where two tectonic plates on the ocean floor move apart, great mountain ranges called
____________________ are formed.
Midocean ridge
Sponges are ____________________ organisms, which means that they live on the ocean floor.
benthic
There are two main ____________________ on Earth: aquatic and terrestrial
Food webs
Most ____________________ are microscopic and float at or near the ocean’s surface.
plankton
water vapor changing to liquid water
condensation
the movement of water from ocean through the atmosphere and back
water cycle
liquid water changing to water vapor
evaporation
falling rain or snow
precipitation
third-largest ocean
indian
physical change of water from liquid to gas
evaporation
largest ocean
pacific
second largest ocean
atlantic
smallest ocean
arctic
area between the shoreline and the continental slope
cont. shelf
area between the continental shelf and the ocean floor
cont.slope
base of the continental slope
cont rise
broad, flat part of the deep-ocean basin
abyssal plain
mountain chain on the ocean floor
midocean ridge
The area where fresh water meets salt water from the oceans
estuary
This is the deep, dark water of the ocean floor.
benthic zone
This is where dolphins and sea turtles live.
neritic
This is exposed to the air for part of the day.
intertidal
This contains the deep water of the open ocean.
Oceanic zone
species of alga ( pg 99)
seaweed
taking more fish than can be naturally replaced ( pg 99)
overfishing
resources that cannot be replenished
nonrenewable
removal of salt from ocean water
desalination
minerals, water, and energy ( living or nonliving)
living resources
pollution that comes from many places
nonpoint
pollution that comes from a specific place
point source
is the solid part of raw sewage
sludge
is a form of point-source pollution (pg 105 middle of page)
trash dumping
is a cause of nonpoint-source pollution ( fig 1 pg 104 second picture)
boats and jet skis