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IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 6 IEEE P2406™/D02 Draft Standard for Design and Construction of Non-Load Break Disconnect Switches for Direct Current Applications on Transit Systems 7 Sponsor 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 Rail Vehicle Transit Interface Standards Committee 11 Approved <XX MONTH 20XX> 12 13 IEEE-SA Standards Board 14 15 16 17 Copyright © 2010 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Three Park Avenue New York, New York 10016-5997, USA 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 This document is an unapproved draft of a proposed IEEE Standard. As such, this document is subject to change. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK! Because this is an unapproved draft, this document must not be utilized for any conformance/compliance purposes. Permission is hereby granted for IEEE Standards Committee participants to reproduce this document for purposes of international standardization consideration. Prior to adoption of this document, in whole or in part, by another standards development organization, permission must first be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association Department ([email protected]). Other entities seeking permission to reproduce this document, in whole or in part, must also obtain permission from the IEEE Standards Association Department. of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society All rights reserved. IEEE Standards Association Department 445 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 2 3 4 5 6 Abstract: This Standard is a basis for the design, application, and usage of direct current nonload (no-load) break disconnect switches for the purpose of isolating direct current power distribution circuits for transit applications. Keywords: non-load break disconnect switches, bolted pressure switches, knife switches, grounding switches, silver insert switches, high voltage direct current disconnect switches Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The IEEE develops its standards through a consensus development process, approved by the American National Standards Institute, which brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve the final product. Volunteers are not necessarily members of the Institute and serve without compensation. While the IEEE administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the consensus development process, the IEEE does not independently evaluate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of the information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards. 8 9 10 Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The IEEE disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other damage, of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance upon this, or any other IEEE Standard document. 11 12 13 14 The IEEE does not warrant or represent the accuracy or content of the material contained herein, and expressly disclaims any express or implied warranty, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a specific purpose, or that the use of the material contained herein is free from patent infringement. IEEE Standards documents are supplied “AS IS.” 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE Standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to change brought about through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users of the standard. Every IEEE Standard is subjected to review at least every five years for revision or reaffirmation, or every ten years for stabilization. When a document is more than five years old and has not been reaffirmed, or more than ten years old and has not been stabilized, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE Standard. 23 24 25 26 27 In publishing and making this document available, the IEEE is not suggesting or rendering professional or other services for, or on behalf of, any person or entity. Nor is the IEEE undertaking to perform any duty owed by any other person or entity to another. Any person utilizing this, and any other IEEE Standards document, should rely upon his or her independent judgment in the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the appropriateness of a given IEEE standard. 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate to specific applications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, the Institute will initiate action to prepare appropriate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consensus of concerned interests, it is important to ensure that any interpretation has also received the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason, IEEE and the members of its societies and Standards Coordinating Committees are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requests except in those cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration. A statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual shall not be considered the official position of IEEE or any of its committees and shall not be considered to be, nor be relied upon as, a formal interpretation of the IEEE. At lectures, symposia, seminars, or educational courses, an individual presenting information on IEEE standards shall make it clear that his or her views should be considered the personal views of that individual rather than the formal position, explanation, or interpretation of the IEEE. 39 40 41 42 43 Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affiliation with IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together with appropriate supporting comments. Recommendations to change the status of a stabilized standard should include a rationale as to why a revision or withdrawal is required. Comments and recommendations on standards, and requests for interpretations should be addressed to: 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board 445 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA Authorization to photocopy portions of any individual standard for internal or personal use is granted by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., provided that the appropriate fee is paid to Copyright Clearance Center. To arrange for payment of licensing fee, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 Introduction 2 3 This introduction is not part of IEEE P2406/D02, Draft Standard for Design and Construction of Non-Load Break Disconnect Switches for Direct Current Applications on Transit Systems. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 This document is a collaboration of manufacturers, design engineers, installing contractors, and transit authorities to provide a means to standardize the design and production of Non-Load Break Disconnect Switches for Direct Current Applications on Transit Systems. The basis of knowledge used to author this Standard is drawn from decades of practical experience as well as other similar Standards such as DC knife switch Standards, European Standards, IEC Standards, and other DC switchgear Standards. This document is intended to aid in the specification, design, and manufacturing process for Non-Load Break Disconnect Switches for Direct Current Applications on Transit Systems. This is not a governing document which specifies which switches should be used and when they should be used. This is only a Standard which is a means to consistency throughout the industry for switch design and production. The end user is always responsible for specifying ratings, switch type, operator type, and any other details specific to their design criteria. This Standard can then be applied to the specification, manufacturing, testing, and commissioning of Non-Load Break Disconnect Switches for Direct Current Applications on Transit Systems. 16 Notice to users 17 Laws and regulations 18 19 20 21 22 Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. 23 Copyrights 24 25 26 27 28 This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private selfregulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. 29 Updating of IEEE documents 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Users of IEEE standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE Standards Association web site at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously. iv Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 2 For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA web site at http://standards.ieee.org. 3 Errata 4 5 6 Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. 7 Interpretations 8 9 Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. 10 Patents 11 12 [If the IEEE has not received letters of assurance prior to the time of publication, the following notice shall appear:] 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. 22 23 24 25 [The following notice shall appear when the IEEE receives assurance from a known patent holder or patent applicant prior to the time of publication that a license will be made available to all applicants either without compensation or under reasonable rates, terms, and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfair discrimination.] 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. A patent holder or patent applicant has filed a statement of assurance that it will grant licenses under these rights without compensation or under reasonable rates, with reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfair discrimination to applicants desiring to obtain such licenses. Other Essential Patent Claims may exist for which a statement of assurance has not been received. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims, or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or nondiscriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. 39 v Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 Participants 2 3 At the time this draft standard was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the Overhead Contact Systems Working Group had the following membership: 4 5 6 Jerry Woodruff, Co-Chair Daren Szekely, Co-Chair 7 8 9 10 11 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 36 37 38 39 12 13 14 15 16 Christopher B. Tyrrell Fred Greenberg Calvin Shankster Pranaya Shrestha Kelvin Zan 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 17 18 19 Marv Miletsky Suresh Shrimavle Ron Clark The following members of the <individual/entity> balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. (to be supplied by IEEE) 30 31 32 Balloter1 Balloter2 Balloter3 33 34 35 Balloter4 Balloter5 Balloter6 Balloter7 Balloter8 Balloter9 When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on <XX MONTH 20XX>, it had the following membership: 40 (to be supplied by IEEE) 41 42 43 44 45 46 SBMember1 47 SBMember2 48 SBMember3 55 56 57 58 Michael Kelner Eric Wan Scott Baumli Dick Angert Paul F. White <Name>, Chair <Name>, Vice Chair <Name>, Past President <Name>, Secretary 49 50 51 52 53 54 SBMember4 SBMember5 SBMember6 SBMember7 SBMember8 SBMember9 *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: <Name>, NRC Representative <Name>, DOE Representative <Name>, NIST Representative <Name> IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development <Name> IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development vi Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 Contents 2 3 4 1. Overview .................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................ 1 5 2. Normative references .................................................................................................................................. 2 6 7 8 3. Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms ................................................................................................ 2 3.1 Definitions ........................................................................................................................................... 2 3.2 Abbreviations and Acronyms .............................................................................................................. 3 9 10 11 4. Application Considerations ........................................................................................................................ 5 4.1 Scope of Applications .......................................................................................................................... 5 4.2 General ................................................................................................................................................ 5 12 13 14 5. Types of DC Disconnect Switches ............................................................................................................. 5 5.1 Switch Configurations ......................................................................................................................... 5 5.2 Switch Styles ....................................................................................................................................... 6 15 16 17 6. Interlock Considerations ............................................................................................................................. 9 6.1 Mechanical Interlocks .......................................................................................................................... 9 6.2 Electrical Interlocks ............................................................................................................................10 18 19 20 7. Switch Operation Types ............................................................................................................................10 7.1 Manually Operated .............................................................................................................................10 7.2 Motor Operated...................................................................................................................................10 21 22 23 8. Mounting and Enclosure Types .................................................................................................................11 8.1 Open Style ..........................................................................................................................................11 8.2 Enclosed Style ....................................................................................................................................11 24 25 26 27 28 29 9. Disconnect Switch Ratings ........................................................................................................................11 9.1 Insulating Rating.................................................................................................................................11 9.2 Current Rating ....................................................................................................................................12 9.3 Short Circuit Rating ............................................................................................................................12 9.4 Heat Rise Limitations for Traction Power Switches ...........................................................................12 9.5 Aux Contact Ratings ...........................................................................................................................13 30 10. Cable Termination Considerations ..........................................................................................................13 31 11. Fuse Considerations.................................................................................................................................13 32 33 34 35 36 37 12. Testing Considerations ............................................................................................................................13 12.1 Specifications and Applicable Standards ..........................................................................................13 12.2 Design Tests .....................................................................................................................................14 12.3 Factory Acceptance Testing..............................................................................................................15 12.4 Witness Testing ................................................................................................................................17 12.5 Documentation and Submittals .........................................................................................................17 38 13. Grounding Considerations .......................................................................................................................18 vii Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 14. SCADA Interface Considerations............................................................................................................19 2 3 4 5 6 7 15. Signage and Labeling ..............................................................................................................................19 15.1 General Warning Signs .....................................................................................................................20 15.2 High Voltage Signs ...........................................................................................................................20 15.3 Arc Flash Signs .................................................................................................................................20 15.4 Non-Load Break Signs .....................................................................................................................20 15.5 General Sign Information .................................................................................................................21 8 16. Arc Flash Considerations.........................................................................................................................21 9 17. Installation Considerations ......................................................................................................................22 10 11 18. Maintenance Considerations ....................................................................................................................22 viii Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 5 Draft Standard for Design and Construction of Non-Load Break Disconnect Switches for Direct Current Applications on Transit Systems 6 7 8 IMPORTANT NOTICE: This standard is not intended to ensure safety, security, health, or environmental protection. Implementers of the standard are responsible for determining appropriate safety, security, environmental, and health practices or regulatory requirements. 9 10 11 12 13 This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http://standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html. 14 1. Overview 15 1.1 Scope 16 17 This Standard covers basic design parameters and features for Direct Current Disconnect switches used on Transit Systems for Non-Load Break applications 18 1.2 Purpose 19 20 This Standard covers design criteria of direct current disconnect switches pertaining to current and voltage ratings, physical clearance spacing for gap and creep, and auxiliary control equipment. 21 22 23 Special considerations not addressed in this Standard or beyond the scope of this Standard shall be considered by specific owners on a case by case basis. The intent of this Standard cannot cover these instances. 1 2 3 4 1 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 2. Normative references 2 3 4 5 The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must be understood and used, so each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. 6 British Standard BSN EN 50124-1:2001 Railway Applications – Insulation coordination 7 IEC International Standard 61992 Railway Applications – Fixed Installations – DC Switchgear 8 Canadian Electrical Code (CEC) 9 Canadian Standard Association (CSA) 10 IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms, IEEE Std 100 11 IEEE Draft Standard P1791 OCS Terminology 12 13 IEEE Draft Standard P1833, Guide for Design of Direct Current Overhead Contact Systems for Transit Systems Section 5.9.4.1.4 14 National Electrical Code (NEC) 15 National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) 16 National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) 17 IEEE P1901-2010 - PLC Standard 18 IEEE PC37.1/D1.9 Draft Standard for SCADA and Automation Systems 19 National Communications System Technical Information Bulletin 04-1, October 2004: SCADA Systems 20 IEEE Std C37, 14-1999, STANDARDS FOR LOW-VOLTAGE DC POWER, Section 6.1 21 UL 363 DC Knife Switch Standards 22 3. Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms 23 3.1 Definitions 24 25 For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The IEEE Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Terms & Definitions should be consulted for terms not defined in this clause.1 26 27 Arcing Distance: The largest distance of dry air through which a current path will make to ground dependent on the voltage. 28 Clearance: Shortest distance in air between two conductive materials. 1 The IEEE Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Terms & Definitions is available at http://shop.ieee.org/. 2 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 2 Creep Distance: Shortest distance along the surface of the insulating material between two conductive materials. 3 Electrical Section: Part of an electrical circuit having its own voltage rating for insulation coordination. 4 5 Electrification System: All parts of the OCS as well as any supplementary conductors, components, supports and wayside equipment which make up a fully operational electrified transit system. 6 Grounded: Electrical section intentionally connected to earth that is not interrupted. 7 Insulated: All components isolated from the energized parts by at least one level of insulation. 8 9 Nominal Voltage: Value assigned to a circuit or system approximately equivalent to the working voltage for designating the voltage class. 10 11 Over Voltage: Voltage having a peak value exceeding the maximum steady state voltage at normal operating conditions. 12 Rated Voltage: Value of voltage assigned to a component, device or piece of equipment. 13 14 Rated Impulse Voltage: Value of voltage assigned to the equipment referring to the specified withstand capability of the insulation against transient over voltages. 15 16 17 Rated Insulation Voltage: RMS withstand voltage assigned to the equipment referring to the specified permanent (over five minutes) withstand capability of the insulation between energized components and earth. 18 19 Overhead Contact System (OCS): Contact wire or wires and any supporting messenger wire electrically in parallel and their supporting components.{check dictionary} 20 21 Supplementary Cable: Cable connected in parallel with OCS is called positive supplementary cable. Cable connected in parallel with running rail is called negative supplementary cable. 22 23 Grounding Switch: An electrical switch typically between an OCS conductor and a ground rod, to enable the conductor to be grounded for safety when de-energized. 24 3.2 Abbreviations and Acronyms 25 AC Alternating Current 26 ANSI American National Standards Institute 27 AREMA American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of way Association 28 ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials 29 AWG American Wire Gauge 30 DC Direct Current 31 ETB Electrified Trolley Bus 32 FRA Federal Railroad Administration 3 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 FAT Factory Acceptance Testing 2 ICLP International Conference on Lightning Protection 3 IEC International Electrotechincal Commission 4 IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 5 ISO International Organization for Standards 6 Hi-Pot High Potential 7 LRV Light Rail Vehicle 8 NEC National Electrical Code (NFPA-70) 9 NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association 10 NESC National Electrical Safety Code 11 NETA National Electrical Testing Association 12 NFPA National Fire Protection Association 13 OCS Overhead Contact System 14 OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer 15 OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration 16 PLC Programmable Logic Controller 17 RMS Root Mean Square 18 ROW Right-of-way 19 SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition 20 TES Traction Electrification System 21 UBC Uniform Building Code 22 UL Underwriters Laboratories 23 USASI United States of America Standards Institute 4 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 4. Application Considerations 2 4.1 Scope of Applications 3 4 5 This section provides an overview of DC non-load break disconnect switches as they pertain to traction power systems including third rail and overhead contact systems. This Standard covers typical switch ratings, configurations, driving mechanisms, and enclosure requirements 6 4.2 General 7 This Standard covers non-load break switches. 8 9 10 11 12 Disconnect switches shall be applied within their assigned maximum voltage rating, continuous current rating, and any other applicable rating as required in a given system. Disconnect switches can provide circuit isolation between a power source and a load. Disconnect switches can also provide circuit sectionalizing as a tie switch. Disconnect switches can also provide a means to bypass circuits. Interlocks and safety precautions shall be implemented to never open a disconnect switch under load. 13 14 15 When closed, disconnect switches shall provide a very low resistance path across their contacts. When fully open, the disconnect switch shall break the circuit without the potential for arcing across the open contacts or blades. 16 17 18 19 Where possible, the load side of the switch shall be connected to the opening blades or contacts of the disconnect switch, or hinge side of the switch. The bus or line side of the switch shall be connected to the jaw side of the switch. This will keep the bulk of the disconnect switch de-energized when open, and all dangerous potentials will only be present on the jaw terminal. 20 21 22 Interlocks and safety precautions shall be implemented to prevent personnel exposure to voltage potentials. Signage and warning labels shall be clearly visible to the public and always followed or obeyed by any operators or maintenance personnel. 23 5. Types of DC Disconnect Switches 24 5.1 Switch Configurations 25 Switch configurations are defined by the number of poles and number of throws. 26 27 Each pole is capable of connecting and disconnecting a single circuit. Multiple poles can be ganged to connect or disconnect multiple circuits with a single operating mechanism. 28 29 30 31 32 33 The number of throws is the amount of positions a switch can have. Typically a disconnect switch used for circuit isolation has only one throw, thus is called a Single Throw Switch. A switch that can switch from two positions would be designated a Double Throw Switch. In addition a transfer switch is considered a double throw because it connects a load to two sources, but it shall have a center “off” or “isolation” position. That position is not considered a throw. Figures 1 and 2 show several switch configurations for reference. Figure 1 shows Single Pole Double Throw and Figure 2 shows Single Pole Single Throw. 5 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 5.2 Switch Styles 2 Two main switch styles exist: the Knife Type and Bolted Pressure Type. 3 5.2.1 Knife Switch 4 5 There are two types of knife switch considered in this standard: the basic knife switch, and the silver insert switch. 6 5.2.1.1 Basic Knife Switch 7 8 The switch consists of two parallel contact jaws with a moving connection blade or “Knife” to complete the circuit. Knife switches can be designed per the end user’s needs to include multiple throws or poles. 9 10 Contact pressure is applied through spring force of the contact jaws and connection blade. Figure 1 shows a basic single pole, double throw knife switch. 11 12 Figure 1 — Single Pole, Double Throw Knife Switch 13 5.2.1.2 Silver Insert Switch 14 15 16 This switch type has similar construction to the basic knife type switch with the addition of silver inserts or buttons. These silver surfaces allows for a higher current carrying capacity. Enough silver contact surfaces shall be provided to pass micro ohms and heat rise tests per section 12. Pressure shall be provided by 6 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 2 3 4 spring washers on either side of the blades on both Jaw and Hinge sides of switch. See figure 2 for basic components of a single pole single throw silver tip insert switch. Figure 2 — Single Pole, Single Throw Silver Insert Switch 5 5.2.2 Bolted Pressure Switch 6 7 8 This switch consists of two parallel movable blades with stationary contacts at each end. The blades rotate about a fixed hinge terminal and close into a jaw terminal. The jaw side and the hinge side of the switch have a bolt assembly which threads into a fixed nut assembly. See Figure 3. 7 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Figure 3 — Bolted Pressure Switch Construction The assembly has a double acting feature. When the switch closes, a lock strap assembly forces the nut to tighten into the bolt which provides the contact pressure. The hinge side bolt assembly and jaw side bolt assembly tighten as the switch closes. Conversely, as the switch opens, the first action is the jaw and hinge side bolts rotating to loosen the blades, and then the second action is the switch opening. See Figures 4 and 5 for double action details. Figure 4 — Bolted Pressure Switch Opening, Action 1 8 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 2 3 4 The result is a connection with current carrying capacity similar to bolted bus bar. All contact surfaces must be silver plated. 5 6. Interlock Considerations 6 7 The interlocking of the switch is done to prevent inadvertent or unsafe operation. The two main types of interlocks are mechanical and electrical. 8 6.1 Mechanical Interlocks Figure 5 — Bolted Pressure Switch Opening, Action 2 9 10 11 The simplest form of mechanical interlock is the padlock. Provisions must be supplied on the switch assembly to apply a padlock to either lock the switch open or closed. This requirement supports local authority lockout/tag out procedures. 12 13 14 15 16 The next type of mechanical interlock is the Key Interlock. Special types of key interlocks are installed on the switch assembly. Locking mechanisms present on multiple switches require a single key for operation. This prevents simultaneous operation of both switches. The nature of the key interlock is to ensure a specific sequence of events takes place when opening or closing the switch assembly. Again provisions must be supplied to either lock the switch closed or open depending upon the sequence of events desired. 17 18 19 20 Another type of mechanical interlock restricts access to the switch in an enclosed switch assembly with the disconnect closed. A mechanical block rotates with the disconnect handle. When the switch is fully closed, this block prevents the opening of the enclosure door to restrict personnel access with the switch closed and therefore the majority of the internal bus and switch components energized. 21 Mechanical interlocks outside the scope of the switch are not specifically covered in this Standard. 9 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 6.2 Electrical Interlocks 2 3 4 Electrical interlocks are typically solenoid driven mechanical locking mechanisms. The solenoid receives a signal from an external source to either energize or de-energize. The switch can be toggled to the opposite state upon the solenoid action depending on the design of the interlock. 5 6 7 8 The switch position can drive auxiliary contacts which can be interlocked with other electrical systems. The auxiliary contact can also be used for SCADA inputs for indication and control. In motor operated disconnects, an electrical interlock can be as simple as a normally open contact from a relay or limit switch controlled by another device which must be satisfied to operate the switch. 9 Electrical interlocks outside the scope of the switch are not specifically covered in this Standard. 10 7. Switch Operation Types 11 7.1 Manually Operated 12 13 14 15 A manually operated switch is actuated by manual interaction by an operator. These switches include hook stick, side mounted handle, front mounted handle, or pole mounted handles. Standard convention is when the handle is raised, the switch is closed. When the handle is lowered, the switch is open. Handle must be fully insulated from energized bus conductors and meet dielectric withstand requirements of section 12. 16 17 Switches may be operated by handle directly mounted to blades of switch. Handle must be sufficiently insulated from energized parts of switch to meet dielectric withstand requirements of section 12. 18 19 20 Switches may be operated by hookstick with an eyehook fixed directly to switch actuator. The operating bar or stick from handle to hook must be insulated and meet dielectric withstand requirements of section 12. 21 22 23 Switches may be operated through pole or rod driven linkages. The final linkage must be non conductive material insulated from the operating handle to the energized parts of the switch. This must meet dielectric withstand requirements of section 12. 24 25 26 Enclosed switches may be operated by linked handles mounted to exterior of enclosure. This handle can be mounted to the front or side of switch assembly enclosure. The handle must be sufficiently insulated from all energized parts of the switch as to meet dielectric withstand requirements of section 12. 27 7.2 Motor Operated 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 A motor operated switch is actuated by a motor or drive mechanism linked with the switch operator. The motors are typically fractional horsepower in rating. Motor operating voltages are typically 120VAC-Single Phase-50/60Hz or 125VDC. Available control power configurations may depend on the needs of the system owner. These switches shall be manufactured with mechanical operator handles such that they can be cycled with no control power. When mechanically operated, the motor operated switch shall be either de-coupled from the motor, or control power shall be secured. This is due to manual cycling causing the rotor of the motor to spin causing a generated voltage. Essentially, this reverse powers the motor as a small generator. This can cause damage to the circuit. 36 37 Limit switches shall be used to turn off the motor when fully cycled to desired position. Control power circuit shall be fused or protected by thermal cutout in case of limit switch or other failure thus preventing 10 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 2 an uncontrolled continuous operation of the motor. If the motor tends to over travel, dynamic braking circuits shall be used to ensure disconnect stays in intended position when limit switch cuts power to motor. 3 4 Motor Operated switches may sometimes have load breaking abilities. Load break disconnect switches are not covered by this standard. 5 8. Mounting and Enclosure Types 6 7 8 9 10 Open style switch units can be supplied for either indoor or outdoor application. The specific requirement is decided upon by the system owner. Indoor switch operations are typically installed in larger enclosures with additional equipment. Outdoor switch considerations include the climate, environment, installation location, and type of operation. NOTE— Motor operated switch units are usually supplied with enclosures for outdoor mounting. 11 8.1 Open Style 12 13 14 15 Open style switches can be pole mounted or wall mounted. The operation is either from a hook stick or ground level linkage. Outdoor linkages are usually made from steel and are galvanized for corrosion protection. The ground level linkage must be insulated from the switch. The operating handle, linkages, and switch assembly shall be adequately designed for site location. 16 8.2 Enclosed Style 17 18 19 Enclosed style switches can be pole mounted, pad mounted, or wall mounted. Disconnect switches are enclosed to protect the switch assembly from the elements and to protect personnel from exposure to the energized circuit components. 20 21 22 The enclosed switch units can be mounted indoors or outdoors. The enclosure rating guidelines shall follow NEMA (NEMA 250, Enclosure Types) or IEC (IEC Publication 60529 - Classification of Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures) ratings. 23 24 25 The enclosure material is an additional consideration. Enclosures can be supplied in Steel, Stainless Steel, Aluminum, or Fiberglass. Each style of enclosure must be reviewed for the specific location and grounding considerations. 26 27 28 29 30 The size of the disconnect enclosure shall take into consideration termination access, direction, and type of conductors entering the enclosure. It shall also allow the switch to meet heat rise considerations per section 9.4 and heat rise testing requirements of section 12. Auxiliary equipment shall also be considered for enclosure sizing. Cable bending space can be determined by NEC (NEC Article 320.24) practices and guidelines. 31 9. Disconnect Switch Ratings 32 9.1 Insulating Rating 33 34 DC disconnect switches shall be sufficiently insulated from bus potential to other potentials, dead metal, grounds, and negative returns. The rating is determined by end user specifications and is met by the 11 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 2 3 manufacturer per testing section 12. Creepage distance, air gap distance, and other design criteria associated with insulation requirements are not specifically detailed in this Standard. Rather, they shall be designed by switch manufacturers to meet or exceed high potential testing per testing section 12. 4 5 6 7 8 All metal extending outside of enclosure or exposed on open type disconnects shall be insulated from energized bus based on rated voltage of the switch. Energized bus shall also be sufficiently insulated from other bus potentials, control power potentials, grounded metal or bus, negative returns, or opposite pole of switch in fully open position. Based on rated voltage of switch, dielectric withstand testing from bus to these other potentials shall be completed in accordance with testing section 12. 9 9.2 Current Rating 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 The current rating of DC disconnect switches must be rated to sufficiently supply the load without exceeding heat rise limitations per section 9.4. End user specifications determine the minimum current requirement of the disconnect switch. Current density of copper must be considered in the design of the switch. Number of poles, size of copper poles, size of pads for lugs or bus bar shall be sufficiently sized to meet or exceed end user specified current rating. Micro-ohms testing in accordance with section 12 shall be used as an indication of closed switch pressure. Manufacturers shall construct disconnects such that they carry rated current in fully closed position indefinitely without generating excess heat, or causing surface defects such as spot welding, galling, or pitting. Switches can also be subject to over current testing as outlined in section 12. 19 9.3 Short Circuit Rating 20 21 22 Disconnect switches shall be manufactured to withstand short circuit conditions without opening. Recommended typical fault current values shall not be less than 100 kA asymmetrical and typical fault current duration is 15ms. 23 9.4 Heat Rise Limitations for Traction Power Switches 24 25 26 27 28 Disconnects shall be manufactured to meet heat rise limitations of testing in section 12. When closed, there will be a resistance developed across the contact surfaces from hinge to blades and from the blades to the jaw. Heat will develop across the contact resistances proportional to the resistance and to the current squared. Heat rise limitations set parameters for how much heat shall be generated by steady state rated current across a switch in a controlled environment. 29 Heat Rise Limitation considerations: 30 See testing requirements for heat rise limitation testing in section 12. 31 For bolted pressure switches: 32 Temperature Rise shall not exceed 50°C rise over a maximum ambient temperature of 40°C. 33 For silver insert switches: 34 Temperature Rise shall not exceed 50°C rise over a maximum ambient temperature of 40°C. 35 For basic clip type knife switches: 12 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 2 The use of these switches in systems rated 600A and higher is not recommended due to low contact pressure. Heat Rise limitations for these disconnects shall meet the Standards of ANSI/UL363. 3 9.5 Aux Contact Ratings 4 5 6 7 Auxiliary contacts are mainly defined by the number of contacts provided, their current and voltage rating, and by their characteristics, (i.e.: N.O., N.C., or SPDT). The ratings must meet the minimum requirements of the circuit in which they are installed. Interposing relays shall be used when auxiliary load currents are higher than the auxiliary contact rating. 8 The end user shall specify the minimum number of auxiliary contacts required. 9 10 Auxiliary contacts and the circuits which they are installed must be sufficiently insulated from high voltage potentials present within the switch assembly. 11 10. Cable Termination Considerations 12 13 14 15 DC Disconnect switches shall be designed to accept cable terminations. Sufficient surface area shall be supplied to meet the minimum current rating of the switch. The mounting pad must be silver plated. The mounting pad must be located such that it does not impede the operation of the switch. All potentials which connect to this pad shall meet insulation ratings per section 9.1, and testing considerations in section 12. 16 11. Fuse Considerations 17 18 19 20 21 When specified, DC disconnects shall be designed to accept fuses. Fuse blocks must be provided to accept specified fuses based on end user requirements. Fuse blocks must meet current and voltage ratings of the switch. The location of the fuse block and fuse must not interfere with operation of the switch. Any exposed high voltage potentials must meet insulation ratings per section 9.1, and testing considerations in section 12. 22 Fuse ratings are beyond the scope of this Standard. For specific fuse specifications, refer to the following: 23 IEEE Std C37.40-2003: Service Conditions and Definitions for High Voltage Fuses 24 IEEE Std C37.41-2008: Design Tests for High Voltage (>1000v) Fuses 25 12. Testing Considerations 26 12.1 Specifications and Applicable Standards 27 28 The equipment shall be product design tested by an accredited third party testing laboratory to qualify it as conforming to the Job Contract Specifications. 29 30 In addition to the contract specifications issued, testing shall be in accordance with the applicable sections of the latest edition of this standard. 13 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Where a conflict arises between the references and the customer issued specifications, the differences shall be brought to the attention of the customer and mutually agreed upon with the O.E.M. The following standards are the basis for this section: a) IEC 61992-1 Railway Applications - Fixed Installations - DC Switchgear General b) IEC 61992-3 Railway Applications - Fixed Installations - DC Switchgear - Indoor DC Disconnectors, Switch - Disconnectors, and Earthing Switches. c) IEC 61992-4 Railway Applications - Fixed Installations - DC Switchgear - Outdoor DC Disconnectors, Switch - Disconnectors, and Earthing Switches. 12.2 Design Tests 10 11 Design testing is required to ensure that the equipment will perform in a satisfactory manner based on the loading criteria specified for both voltage and current. 12 13 14 15 It must demonstrate that the assembly is free from design defects and is adequate for its intended application. It must also demonstrate that it meets the expected “life cycle” - both for “total” number of open / close cycles. Switch shall be cycled a minimum of 200 times for lifetime test. The tested switch shall meet the requirements of factory acceptance testing in section 12.3 after endurance test is completed. 16 NOTE— This is NOT intended to mean that a “test-to-failure” test is required. 17 Section 12.3 covers factory acceptance testing. 18 19 A complete set of Design Tests will be required on one (1) switch of the exact type. The results of design tests shall be kept on file and be available upon request by end user. 20 21 22 The customer may reserve the option to waive the requirement of DESIGN TESTING if one of the following applies: (i) a certified test report for a switch substantially of the same design and rating or (ii) end user has equipment of identical or near identical type and rating. 23 The following are the recommended minimum tests needed in addition to lifetime test: 24 25 26 a) temperature rise b) short circuit/short time withstand c) dielectric withstand 27 28 29 All shall be determined in accordance with the latest applicable sections of IEC standards as referenced in section 12.1. Temperature Rise shall meet the ratings section of Section 9.4 of this Standard as well as the considerations of section 12.2.1. 30 12.2.1 Heat Rise Test Considerations 31 32 33 34 35 36 Ambient temperature – the ambient temperature is considered a baseline temperature from which the heat rise of the current carrying switch is compared. This shall be maintained during any heat rise test as a control. Ambient temperature will affect the overall temperature of the switch, so it must be as constant as possible to remove it as a variable. The ambient temperature is defined as the average temperature of the cooling air adjacent to the switch parts. When the switch is inside an enclosure, ambient shall be measured outside the enclosure approximately 305 mm (12 inches) away from external surface of enclosure. 14 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 2 Switch Type – Silver insert, conventional knife switch, and bolted pressure switches all have different contact surfaces and pressures and will generate a different heat rise due to this fact. 3 Current Applied – Current applied shall be nominal expected current level for the system. 4 5 6 7 Length of test – The length of the test does not have to be quantified in terms of time. When temperatures have stabilized for four consecutive tests of a sample size no less than 15 minutes (1 hour total), the intent of the test is met. Stabilization shall be considered consecutive temperatures with no change greater than 1°C. Duration of the test shall be defined as reaching this steady state condition and not a set time. 8 Limits – Heat rise limits are defined in Heat Rise Limitation Ratings Section 9.4. 9 Refer to IEEE Std. C37.34-1994, Sections 6.4 through 6.6 for temperature taking methodology. 10 12.2.2 Design Test Witnessing and Final Inspection 11 12 13 14 All laboratory DESIGN tests shall be witnessed by both O.E.M and the End User (or their authorized representative) if not completed by an accredited independent testing laboratory. Additional parties may also be invited such as Consulting Engineer or Accreditation association representative. Witness testing may be waived in part or its entirety by either of the primary affected parties. 15 16 Final Inspection: This section describes the actions to be taken by lab technician and/or witness personnel to ensure that the equipment was tested per the outlined requirements: 17 After testing is complete, operate switch to “open” and “closed” positions. 18 Compare and note in report any difference/degradation in the ‘before’ and ‘after’ conditions. 19 20 Physically examine all visible parts to check for damage. This applies to the switch and the enclosure plus accessories provided. 21 Verify that all required tests have been performed. 22 Complete certified or witnessed test report for manufacturer’s records 23 12.3 Factory Acceptance Testing 24 12.3.1 Contract Specifications and Standards 25 26 The equipment shall be manufactured in accordance with the issued Job Contract Specifications and any Contract Drawings issued to be used by the O.E.M vendor. 27 28 In addition to the contract specifications issued, equipment shall be manufactured in accordance with guidelines of this Standard. Proposed testing is based on the following Standards: 29 30 31 32 33 a) IEC 61992-1 Railway Applications - Fixed Installations - DC Switchgear General b) IEC 61992-3 Railway Applications - Fixed Installations - DC Switchgear - Indoor DC Disconnectors, Switch - Disconnectors, and Earthing Switches. c) IEC 61992-4 Railway Applications - Fixed Installations - DC Switchgear - Outdoor DC Disconnectors, Switch - Disconnectors, and Earthing Switches. 15 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 12.3.2 Typical Factory Tests 2 12.3.2.1 Mechanical Operation 3 A mechanical operation test shall consist of the following: 4 Fully Open disconnect. 5 Fully Close disconnect 6 Verify there are no signs of binding, galling, uneven wear or other physical tolerance issues. 7 Verify blade alignment evenly makes on either side of jaw terminal. 8 9 All mechanical linkages for manual operating handle assemblies shall move freely and not hinder operation of disconnect. 10 11 12 This test is required to ensure that the assembled switch does not have any production defect or major misalignment. Disconnect shall be cycled no less than 10 times. This test shall be completed at room temperature (10°C to 32.2°C or 50°F to 90°F). 13 14 For those units that are electrically operated, they must also be operated manually during factory testing to ensure it is possible to change switch position when control power is lost. 15 12.3.2.2 Dielectric Withstand Test 16 17 This test is sometimes referred to as “high potential” test. Apply the stated voltage per the contract specification for a period of one (1) minute. Refer to the applicable sections of IEC 61992-3 and 61992-4. 18 19 20 21 22 Voltage level of high potential or dielectric withstand test shall depend on rated voltage of the switch. Rated voltage is specified by end user. Test shall consist of applying high potential to test points listed below for a duration no less than 1 minute. Voltage level shall be no less than twice rated voltage plus 1000V. Voltage must be DC. Satisfactory testing will indicate no breakdown current for the duration of the test. 23 At a minimum, each switch is subject to testing as follows: 24 With switch “closed”, across switch and operator shaft. 25 26 With switch “closed”, across switch and base mounting bolts or other metal exposed to exterior of enclosure. 27 28 With switch “open”, across ‘jaw’ and ‘hinge’ sides. If multiple switch modules operate as a single device (example: two pole), test each module separately. 29 30 31 32 33 34 CAUTION Voltage presence detection circuits shall be disconnected from circuit before high potential testing to avoid false leakage indication or damage to these circuits. NOTE— Power Frequency tests are not applicable to high voltage DC switches. These tests are designed to stress insulation under AC conditions at or near rated frequency. The proper test for insulation withstand in DC Switches is covered under the previous section, Dielectric Withstand Test. 16 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 12.3.2.3 Electric Resistance of Current Path 2 3 The function of this test is to demonstrate that there is a minimum resistance to current flow across the conducting parts of the disconnect switch. 4 5 6 7 8 Since current path resistance is a function of several factors such as number of “clamped” joints, cross sectional area, material quality, etc, the expected value shall be stated by the O.E.M. With the switch “closed”, apply test probes to the ends of ‘jaw’ and ‘hinge” contacts. Take a reading of resistance on the order of uOhms. This reading shall meet or exceed design test reading for the same or similar type of switch. 9 12.3.2.4 Motorized (Electric) Switch Operation 10 11 12 There are several types of drive mechanisms that are used to operate disconnect switches. These include units operated by (a) geared electric motor, (b) electric motor driven linear actuator, (c) chain drive electric motor, and (d) other type. Operating voltages are specified by end user. 13 14 15 Fully cycle switch electrically no less than 5 times. Use pushbuttons if provided locally. Switch shall be set up to simulate remote operation if applicable. Electrical interlocks, and other circuit features specific to each switch design shall also be tested to operate satisfactorily. 16 12.3.2.5 Final Inspection 17 18 This section describes the actions to be taken by QC inspector to ensure that the equipment conforms to the order requirements. In addition to the previous Factory Acceptance Tests, check the following: 19 Cosmetic flaws – both internal and external 20 All bolting is torqued to proper values 21 Nameplate data meets requirements of section XX 22 Apply all QC tags for customer information 23 12.4 Witness Testing 24 25 26 27 Manufacturer shall notify Customer Representative at a minimum of two (2) weeks in advance for witness testing. Witness testing shall consist of factory acceptance testing as outlined in section 12.3 with customer representatives or approved third party present. Witness testing can be waived in part or whole by end user. 28 12.5 Documentation and Submittals 29 12.5.1 Design Test Documentation and Submittals 30 31 32 Manufacturer shall produce a document that outlines all the testing that shall be performed at the third party laboratory to satisfy the DESIGN TEST requirements of the customer / end user specifications. Changes and revisions are permitted at any time so long as agreement has been reached prior to actual testing. 17 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 2 3 The document shall cover all testing as specified in section 12.1. The test report shall include scope of testing, a set of completed data sheets, description and calibration records of test equipment, and photographs of the test set-up. It shall also include the date each test was performed. 4 5 6 The contract specification and or purchase order may specify that the Design Testing document must be submitted for customer approval prior to the start of the test. In such cases, the document shall be submitted no less than twenty (20) working days prior to the anticipated test start date. 7 8 9 10 Laboratory shall issue one (1) paper copy and one (1) electronic copy of the complete and final Test Report. This shall happen no less than two weeks after completion of all testing. Time schedule may be modified as mutually agreed upon. All test reports shall be signed by qualified test engineer and any witnesses present. 11 12.5.2 Factory Acceptance Testing Documentation and Submittals 12 13 14 Manufacturer shall produce a document that outlines all the testing that shall be done to meet contract specifications for disconnect switches. The document shall include testing procedures as outlined in section 12.3. 15 16 17 In addition to the test reports, manufacturer shall maintain a completed set of documentation to ensure the proper testing of disconnect switches has been met. Switches shall be serialized with a unique number which can be referenced in this QC archive. 18 19 20 The contract specification and or purchase order may specify that the FAT document must be submitted for customer approval prior to the start of the test. Upon completion of testing, contract specification and or purchase order may specify time table for submitting completed FAT reports. 21 12.5.3 Certificate of Compliance Testing Documentation and Submittals 22 23 24 Certificate of Compliance shall be a document signed by the Manufacturer certifying that products comply with the outlined equipment requirements and performance. When required, this shall serve as a “blanket” document and cover all quantities produced of this exact type. 25 13. Grounding Considerations 26 27 28 29 30 Disconnects may be grounded in the fully open position to shunt the load side circuit to ground. This dissipates stray currents and any capacitive or induced potential on the load side of the circuit to ground. This is typically used as a safety measure to protect personnel from exposure to such dangerous potentials. Any exposed Earth ground terminals or bus must meet the dielectric withstand test requirements of section 12. 31 32 33 34 35 The presence of grounds or negative returns within switch enclosures increases the risk of flash over from high voltage to these dangerous return paths under extreme fault conditions. However, it is acceptable to have ground and negative return potentials in switch enclosures when properly insulated. It is up to the discretion of the end user to determine if grounds or negative returns are allowed in the switch enclosure. Negative Return potentials must meet the dielectric withstand test requirements of section 12. 36 37 38 Metal enclosures, metal conduit, and un-insulated switch handles on nonmetallic enclosures may be earth grounded. Earth grounding shall be left up to the discretion of the end user. Any exposed Earth ground terminals or bus must meet the dielectric withstand test requirements of section 12. 18 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 14. SCADA Interface Considerations 2 For SCADA system design, construction, and field implementation, refer to the followings standards: 3 IEEE P1901-2010 - PLC Standard 4 IEEE PC37.1/D1.9 Draft Standard for SCADA and Automation Systems 5 6 National Communications System Technical Information Bulletin 04-1, October 2004: SCADA Systems 7 8 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are used for remote monitoring and control of traction power and OCS systems, including non-load break direct current disconnect switches. 9 10 11 For DC disconnect switches, SCADA accommodations include terminal boards or connections to I/O devices or remote terminal units (RTU). When specified by end user, the following connection points to SCADA shall be provided by OEM: 12 Switch position: OPEN or CLOSED 13 Voltage or current sensing relays: OPEN or CLOSED 14 15 Voltage, Current, Power Metering: Analog signal representative of sensed value. Specified by end user as 4-20mA or 0-5VDC. 16 Emergency Trip System, Interlock, or alarming conditions as specified by end user. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 For active inputs to SCADA I/O drops, voltage and current ratings must be specified by the end user for integration between the SCADA system and disconnect switch monitoring or indicating devices. SCADA is also used to control operation of switches and relays remotely. These connection points shall align power to motor coils, relay coils, or whatever load that SCADA is to control. Typical configuration is a normally open contact controlled by SCADA’s remote terminal unit which is opened or closed remotely. The following can be controlled by SCADA: 24 Indicating lights, beacons, or horns. 25 Emergency trip signals. 26 Close or open signals on motor operated switches 27 Any other application that can be energized through a dry contact as specified by end user. 28 15. Signage and Labeling 29 30 Signs must be used to identify electrical shock hazards to both equipment and personnel. The following is considered the minimum requirement for enclosures that encase DC voltages: Voltages: <30VDC 30VDC-1000VDC >1000VDC 31 32 High Voltage signs N/A 2 2 Arc Flash Signs* N/A 2 2 and 3** General Warning Signs: 1 1 1 Table 1 —Voltage Designation and Sign Requirements * - Arc flash signs are only required when requested specifically by end user. 19 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 2 ** - Required to include Arc Flash survey statistics in accordance with Section 16; Arc Flash Considerations 3 15.1 General Warning Signs 4 5 6 7 8 In systems where voltage is <30V, it is recommended that any access cover or door to enclosure or boundary that includes voltage potentials have an “ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD” warning sign. “WARNING”, “CAUTION”, or “DANGER” shall be included with lettering or background in RED, ORANGE, or YELLOW coloring. In systems where voltage is ≥30VDC, the intent of General Warning Signs is met by the required High Voltage Signs. 9 15.2 High Voltage Signs 10 11 12 13 14 15 At a minimum, a warning sign must be on any access cover or door to any enclosure or boundary in which high voltage dc is contained. The background or lettering must be red, orange, or yellow in color. The following text must be included: a) "HIGH VOLTAGE" OR "####V", where #### is the actual voltage present b) "DANGER" or "WARNING" in red, orange, or yellow letters or background. c) For example, see figure 6: 16 17 Figure 6 — Danger High Voltage Sign 18 15.3 Arc Flash Signs 19 20 21 When required by end user, within an enclosure or near exposed DC voltage potentials, an ARC FLASH sing shall be provided. All arc flash considerations for DC traction power switchgear and OCS components are restricted to the guidelines of IEEE 1584 and NFPA 70E-2012. 22 15.4 Non-Load Break Signs 23 24 A sign shall be provided on the enclosure either centered on access panel/door, near operating controls or lever, or at eye level which clearly states EITHER of the following: 20 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 2 “DO NOT OPERATE UNDER LOAD” If it is a non-load break switch that is rated to open or close while the bus is energized, but not break any load current 3 4 “DO NOT OPERATE WHILE ENERGIZED” If it is a non-load break and is not rated to open or close with rated voltage applied, with or without load current. 5 15.5 General Sign Information 6 7 8 In DC systems, circuit isolating components such as circuit breakers, disconnect switches, and/or fuses shall be labeled with unique identifying designations. These designations shall meet the following requirements: 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 a) They shall be clearly marked, where label is visible after installation b) They shall be unique, and not repeat with any other designation within the same electrical system. c) They shall correspond to system one line electrical schematics. Manufacturer information shall be included on all Disconnect switch assemblies or enclosures. The following information shall be included: (See figure 1 for example) a) Manufacturer’s name. b) Manufacturer’s address to include city and state at a minimum. c) Component or component’s catalog designation or equivalent part number or assembly number d) Electrical Ratings to include the following at a minimum: e) 1) Rated Voltage 2) Rated Current 3) Alternating or Direct Current Date of manufacturer 22 23 24 25 If multiple components are enclosed, include all ratings if they differ from listed ratings on manufacturer’s label. For fuses, include number of fuses, type of fuse, fuse ratings, and any applicable information for fuse replacement. Fuse information may be located on the inside of the enclosure near the fuse itself, but at a minimum must be located in O&M manual and in the one line diagram drawings. 26 16. Arc Flash Considerations 27 28 29 30 Manufacturers must provide Arc Flash signage and labeling in accordance with Section 15 when it is required by the customer. If specific DC arc flash requirements have not been approved in IEEE 1584 or NFPA 70E-2012, then the guidelines for AC arc flash labels and maintenance procedures must be followed in accordance with IEEE 1584, with the exceptions noted in the following document: 31 32 33 34 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 46, NO. 5, SEP./OCT. 2010: DC-Arc Models and Incident-Energy Calculations OEM is not responsible for Arc Flash studies, or content of Arc Flash signs. These must be provided by end user. 21 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE P2406/D02, January 2014 1 17. Installation Considerations 2 3 4 Guidance shall be provided by manufacturers to contracting entities on installation process. The installation instructions shall consider setting up the disconnect switches for long operational lifetime, ease of operation, and the safety of those installing the switch. 5 Installation instructions shall be provided to prevent: 6 Improper setup 7 Binding or excessively tight operation 8 Irregular operation of the switch 9 Any considerations which would cause damage to switch, or shorten operational lifetime of switch 10 11 12 13 14 Provisions shall be provided to transport, move, and install enclosures or switches. CAUTION Under no circumstance shall the switch itself or any part of the switch’s energized parts to be used as an anchoring point for other installation considerations such as pulling cable, aligning other switches, or moving the switch. The base, support structure, or enclosure may be used if approved by manufacturer. 15 18. Maintenance Considerations 16 17 DC switching component manufacturers and OCS traction power component manufacturers shall generate maintenance manuals or packages which will include at a minimum: 18 Maintenance Precautions specific to component 19 Recommended Maintenance Procedures 20 Recommended Maintenance Schedule 21 All applicable drawings, instructions, and procedures to complete maintenance 22 23 24 25 Maintenance proposals shall be made to allow for safe operation of DC traction power and OCS components. They shall extend the life of any component such that it won’t degrade and cause material failure, electrical fires, damage to equipment, or injury to personnel. Actual component lifetime is subject to the specific component and is not governed by this document. 22 Copyright © 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.