* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Realidades 2 – Capítulo 3B
Germanic weak verb wikipedia , lookup
Sanskrit grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ojibwe grammar wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Norse morphology wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Navajo grammar wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Udmurt grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lexical semantics wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Germanic strong verb wikipedia , lookup
Ukrainian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
English clause syntax wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Kagoshima verb conjugations wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Turkish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek verbs wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish verbs wikipedia , lookup
Spanish pronouns wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Italian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Hungarian verbs wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Pipil grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Finnish verb conjugation wikipedia , lookup
Realidades 2 – Capítulo 3B Gramática AVSR – Los verbos yo -go (pág. 155) Several verbs have an irregular yo form in the present tense. Fill in the English equivalents and conjugations for the following verbs: Verbo En inglés yo tú Ud., él, ella nosotros vosotros Uds., ellos, ellas tener hacer poner traer salir decir venir oír Capítulo 3B – Gramática nueva Direct Object Pronouns (continued from 3A) (pág. 166) Last chapter we learned the direct object pronouns lo, la, and los/las. Remember direct objects are nouns that the action of the verb (or who’s / what’s being “verbed”). This chapter we will more closely study the first and second person direct object pronouns. These pronouns are used in place of the direct object in order to be less . Fill in the English equivalents for the direct object pronouns listed below. singular plural me nos te os lo los la las Remember that the placement of DOP’s is dependent on the verb from which they receive the action. If it is one conjugated verb, the DOP must be place directly that verb. If it is a conjugated verb working with an infinitive, then you may instead the DOP to the end of the infinitive. You will learn an additional placement rules later this chapter. Affirmative Tú (familiar) Commands When telling someone to do something, you must be speaking to that person directly. We use commands to tell people to do things, and this chapter we will learn how to order someone we know (a peer, a family member, etc.) to perform a task. Commands are commonly used in the classroom setting by the teacher (write your name, turn in your homework, etc.). Tú commands look/sound like the Ud./él/ella form of the present tense. It is easy to confuse these two functions of language. See if you can tell which example below is a command and which is a statement: Luisa, entrega la tarea ahora. Luisa entrega la tarea ahora. statement / command statement / command Some verbs have irregular affirmative tú commands. To form many of these commands, take the yo form of the present tense and drop the –go: Yo form Infinitive command form poner tener decir salir venir Other verbs have irregular tú commands that must be memorized: hacer ser ir If you use an object pronoun (DOP, reflexive) with an affirmative command, the pronoun MUST be attached to the end of the command. If the original command/verb has two or more syllables (**vowels), then you must put a written accent on the syllable of the original verb. If the command only has one syllable/vowel (such as the irregulars above), then no written accent is needed. ¿Debo escribir mi nombre en el papel? -Sí, escríbelo en el papel. ¿Debo hacer la tarea esta noche? -Sí, hazla. ¿Debo lavarme las manos ahora? -Sí, lávatelas ahora. Present Progressive – regulars and irregulars (pág. 171) To say that an action is happening right now, use the present progressive. To form the present progressive, use the present tense of estar + the present participle (-ing form). To form the present participle of a verb, drop off the ending and add the following: -ar -er Ella está doblando a la izquierda. -ir Estamos aprendiendo a manejar. Some verbs have irregular present participles. To form the present participle of –ir stemchanging verbs, the e in the infinitive form changes to , and the o in the infinitive form changes to . decir pedir repetir seguir servir vestir dormir If an –er or –ir verb’s stem ends in a vowel, the i of –iendo will change to y: creer leer traer When you use object pronouns with this tense, the placement rules are similar to when you use a conjugated verb with an infinitive. The object pronoun must either be placed the conjugated verb (which in this case would be estar) or it can be to the end of the present participle. If you do the latter, you’ll need to add a written accent to the vowel immediately preceding the letters of the participle. ¿Están esperando el autobús Uds.? -Sí, lo estamos esperando. or -Sí, estamos esperándolo.