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Transcript
Bio B Final Exam Study Guide Name Hour Chapter 11 – Heredity Compare & Contrast: Phenotype & Genotype Dominant & Recessive Homozygous & Heterozygous Using seed shape as a sample trait, outline the design of Mendel’s monohybrid cross experiment (include both phenotypes and genotypes P1 F1 F2 Explain Mendel’s conclusions: Principle of Dominance Principle of Segregation Do Punnett squares to predict the results of each of the following crosses: AA x AA AA x Aa AA x aa Aa x Aa aa x aa Aa x aa Yellow seeds are dominant over green. Do punnett squares to predict the offspring of the following crosses: Homozygous yellow x Homozygous green Heterozygous yellow x Heterozygous yellow Homozygous green x homozygous green Heterozygous yellow x homozygous green 1 Using seed shape and seed color as a sample traits, outline the design of Mendel’s dihybrid cross experiment P1 F1 F2 Explain Mendel’s law of Independent Assortment Flower color in snapdragons is controlled by incomplete dominance. Do punnett squares to predict the results of the following crosses: Red x Red Red x White Red x Pink Pink x Pink White x White Compare & Contrast Body cells & gametes Haploid & diploid cells Homologous chromosomes & sister chromatids List the phases of meiosis in the correct order and describe what is happening in each phase. 2 Chapters 12 & 13 – DNA Describe Chargaff’s experiment and Chargaff’s rule. Relate Chargaff’s rule to the “base pairing” rule. Describe the structure of DNA Compare & Contrast DNA and RNA Compare & Contrast the processes of Replication and Transcription Explain the role of each of the following in the process of Translation: Ribosomes mRNA tRNA Compare & Contrast Transcription and Translation Define mutation and mutagen. Explain what causes mutations to happen. 3 Chapter 16 – Evolution Compare & Contrast: Evolution, Adaptation, and Natural Selection Describe Darwin’s voyage on the Beagle and note some observations that influenced his thinking about Evolution Compare & Contrast natural selection and artificial selection Give examples of how artificial selection can be used to create breeds of domesticated animals Give an example of how color variations in an animal population can affect survival, and how natural selection will occur in the population. Compare & contrast Homologous, Analagous, and Vestigial structures 4 Chapter 3 – Ecology Compare & contrast Population, Community, and Ecosystem Trace the flow of energy through an ecosystem (starting with the source of energy, trace the energy through the food chain, and tell what happens to the energy once it has been used) Compare & contrast Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Producers and Consumers Herbivores, Carnivores, and Omnivores 1st level (primary), 2nd level (secondary), and 3rd level (tertiary) Consumers Compare the size of populations and the total available energy between the different trophic levels. Draw an ecological pyramid to show the trend as you go up the food chain. Describe the major processes of the Water cycle. If the process involves living organisms, tell which type are involved. Evaporation Transpiration Precipitation Runoff 5 Describe the major processes of the Carbon cycle. If the process involves living organisms, tell which type are involved. Respiration Photosynthesis Combustion Decomposition Describe the major processes of the Nitrogen cycle. If the process involves living organisms, tell which type are involved. Nitrogen fixing Decomposition Denitrification Excretion For each nutrient cycle below, tell where plants get that nutrient from. Water Carbon Nitrogen Chapter 4 – Communities and Ecosystems List the 2 main components of Climate and identify geographical factors that determine the climate of a region 6 Draw a graph representing overlapping ranges of tolerance for 2 species. Label: A. Optimum conditions for both species B. The region of greatest competition between the species C. A region where one species is likely to outcompete the other, causing “competitive exclusion” D. A region where only one of the species can live Compare and Contrast Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism. Give examples of each. Explain the process of ecological succession. Compare the soil quality and plant life between a pioneer community and a climax community 7 For each of the biomes listed, describe Climate conditions Geographic location Plant and animal life characteristic of the biome Desert Grassland Tundra Coniferous Forest (Taiga) Temperate Deciduous Forest Tropical Rain Forest Explain the difference between the photic zone and the aphotic zone of the ocean. Compare the life forms that live in each. 8