Download Life science semester 2 final review

Life Science Semester 2 Final Review
Words To Know:
DNA
Species
RNA
Variation
Kingdom
Eubacteria
Kingdom Protista
Guanine
Adenine
Adaptation
Mutation
Kingdom Animalia
Plantae Kingdom
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Angiosperms
Monocots
Gametophyte
Zygote
Cytosine
Phylum
Pseudopod
Dicots
Spore
Thymine
Natural
selection
Fitness
Class
Moss
sporangia
Nucleotide
Fossil
Order
Fungi-like
protista
Sporangia
Fern
Anther
Restriction
Enzyme
Hydrogen Bond
Double Helix
Population
Family
Lichen
Vascular tissue
Style
Homologous
Vestigial
Genus
Species
Mycelium
Photosynthetic
Xylem
Phloem
Stigma
Filament
Uracil
DNA polymerase
Helicase
DNA primer
Antibiotic
Analogous
Embryology
Taxonomy
Extinction
Prokaryotes
Bacteria
Virus
Cocci
Bacilli
Strepto
Protozoan
Algae
Hyphae
Amoebas
Flagella
Rhizoids
Flower
Ovary
Stamen
Sepal
Diaphragm
Digestion
Small intestine
Large intestine
Stomach
Protein
Eukaryotes
Staphlo
Mycorrhiza
Petal
Pancreas
Amino Acid
Diplo
Cilia
Pistol
Liver
Transcription
Binomial
nomenclature
Charles Darwin
Lytic
Seed
Gallbladder
Translation
Carl Linneaus
Lysogenic
Cuticle
Evolution
Vaccine
Esophagus
Joint
Bone marrow
Capillaries
Kingdom
Archaebacteria
Rectum
Ball and socket
Skeletal system
Aorta
Animal-like
protista
Plant-like
protista
Fungi
Compact bone
Sprain
Artery
Pulmonary vein
Heart attack
Ovary
Testicle
Bladder
Placenta
Identical twin
Testosterone
Vertebrates
Reptile
Trachea
Uterus
Vas deferens
Kidney
Umbilical cord
Menstrual cycle
Semen
Chordates
Amniotic egg
Larynx
Cervix
Urethra
Ureter
Fertilization
Implantation
Fetus
Endotherms
Spongy bone
Gliding joint
Ventricle
Pulmonary
artery
Pharynx
Vagina
Penis
Nephron
Asexual
Fallopian tubes
Scrotum
Ectotherms
Mechanical
digestion
Chemical
digestion
Ligament
Cartilage
Vein
Blood pressure
Alveoli
Bronchioles
Egg
Excretion
Sexual
Seminal vesicle
Fraternal twins
Amphibian
Diaphragm
Bronchial tube
sperm
Urine
Epididymis
Prostate gland
Menopause
Metamorphosis
Anus
Hinge joint
Atrium
Vena cava
Antibiotic
Decomposer
Seedless
vascular plants
Gymnosperms
Alternation of
generation
Sporophyte
leaf
DNA & RNA
1. What does the word DNA stand for? _________________________________________________________
2. If a strand of DNA reads A T C G T C, what does the complementary end read?
_______________
3. What are four differences between DNA and RNA
DNA
RNA
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.
Label the following diagram with the words below
Hydrogen bond
Nitrogen base pairs
Phosphate
Sugar
Nitrogen base
2- the space between
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
5
5. Use pictures and writing to describe the additional steps of DNA replication INCLUDE ALL ENZYMES.
STEP 1
STEP 2
STEP 3
STEP 4
STEP 5
6. Transcribe the complementary strand of RNA to this strand
A C U G C A U G A
___________________________
mRNA
tRNA
amino acid
protein chain
nucleus
ribosome
DNA
7. The process of transcription occurs in the _____________________________ and produces ______________________.
8. During translation _______________ moves to the __________________ where it is transcribed. __________________
carrying ___________________ pairs up with the mRNA and in the end creates a _________________________________.
9. Label the following diagram of translation
b
Transcribe the following DNA strand with its complimentary bases of RNA
CCC
GAT
TAT
CAG
CTG
AGT
10. Translate your answer from above into the appropriate amino acid chain using the codon sheet. (write
the whole amino acid name)
Evolution, Classification, & Taxonomy
1. Binomial nomenclature involves:
a. Genus and taxonomy
b. Species and classification
c. Taxonomy and classification
d. Genus and species
2. What are the rules associated with binomial nomenclature?
3. What is the correct order of classification and what is the phrase to help you remember it?
Biggest
-
Smallest
-
4. List at least three homologous structures and why they are grouped as homologous.
5. What are the 5 pieces of evidence for the theory of evolution?
6. What is a vestigial structure? How does it help support the theory of evolution?
7. Briefly explain Darwin’s theory of natural selection and Lamarck’s theory of use and disuse.
Use the Cladogram to answer the following questions
8. Which 2 animals have the most in common?
___________________________________________
9. What separates the lizard from the salamander?
___________________________________________
10. What do all of these animals have in common?
___________________________________________
11. Which animals have lungs?
____________________________________________
12. Any variation that makes an organism better suited to its environment.
a. species
13. A group of organisms who can successfully reproduce among themselves.
b. evolution
14. The ultimate source of variation among different organisms.
c. variation
15. The change in hereditary features of a species over a long period of time.
d. adaptation
16. The appearance of an inherited trait that makes an individual different from
other members of the same species.
e. mutation
Bacteria & Viruses
1. What are some common characteristics of Viruses and what are they made of?
2. What are some common characteristics for bacteria?
3. How do bacteria reproduce and what are the perfect growing conditions?
4. Explain the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles of viruses. Give an example of a virus that
reproduces each way.
5. What are the three ways we categorize bacteria? 1. ___________________2. __________________
3. ______________________
6. BACTERIA GROW IN GROUPS
Define the following words
1. Diplo: _____________
2. Strepto: ______________ 3. Staphlo: _______________
Bacteria come in three basic shapes
_________________________
-Round, spheres
_________________________
-Rods
_________________________
-Spiral or spring-like
7. Bacteria and viruses that cause diseases are called _________________________
8. What can you do to fight off bacteria? Viruses?
Kingdom Protista & Kingdom Fungi
1. How are members of the Kingdom Protista categorized?
2. What are the main characteristics of a fungus?
3. Draw a picture of the three modes of transportation for protists
Flagella
cilia
pseudopod
4. Fungi and protists are (prokaryotic/eukaryotic) organisms.
5. What are the characteristics of the following:
Fungus-like protists
Animal-like protists
Plant-like protists
Match the following words with their corresponding definitions some words are not used
a. Lichen
6. Mass of many-celled, threadlike tubes making up the body of a fungus
b. Mycelium
7. An organism made up of a fungus and algae
c. Decomposer
8. A form of asexual reproduction performed by yeasts
9. A _________ is an organism that feeds on dead or decaying tissues of other organisms
d. Protist
10. A one-celled or many-celled eukaryotic organism that can be plantlike, animal-like or funguslike
e. Mycorrhiza
11. Short threadlike structures that extend from the cell membrane and allow the organism to move
ab. Flagella
12. The reproductive cells of a fungus
ac. Spore
13. Mutual relationship between fungi and plants
ad. Budding
14. The structure which makes spores
ae. Sporangia
Plant Kingdom
1. What are the differences between monocots and dicots?
Monocots
Dicots
2. What are the characteristics of gymnosperms and angiosperms?
gymnosperm
Both
3. What are the 5 steps of double fertilization of a flowering plant
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4. Label the following diagram
Word Bank
Stamen
Sepal
Pistol
Anther
Ovary
Egg
Style
Stigma
Petal
Filament
5. What is the equation for photosynthesis?
angiosperm
6. Complete the following chart comparing each type of plant
Plants
Example of these plants
How they reproduce
How they get nutrients
Extra information
(environment found)
Seedless
nonvascular
Seedless
Vascular
Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
Animal Kingdom
Digestive & Skeletal Systems
1. What is the path food takes through the digestive system? (explain each step and what occurs in each location)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
2. What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion and where in the digestive system does it
occur?
3. What are the three types of joints? Give examples of each.
4. What is produced in the center of the bone? Why is this important?
Matching
5. The flexible tissue that acts like a shock absorber
6. Tough bands of tissue that hold bones together
7. The injury caused by the tearing or pulling of a ligament
8. A break in a bone
9. Two or more bones meeting
10. The movement of a bone out of place
a. dislocation
b. ligament
c. fracture
d. sprain
e. cartilage
f. joint
Circulatory & Respiratory Systems
1. Pulmonary Veins
A
E
2. Aorta
3. Left Ventricle
B
AB
4. Pulmonary Artery
5. Vena Cava
6. Left Atrium
C
AC
D
AD
7. Right Ventricle
8. Right Atrium
9. What is the path of blood through the heart and out into the body?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
10. nose
A
11. trachea
B
12. diaphragm
C
13. pharynx
D
14. bronchi (bronchial tube)
E
15. bronchioles and alveoli
AB
16. What are the types of respiratory and heart diseases an individual could have?
Urinary System
Use the diagram below to answer the following
questions
1. Bladder
2. Vein
A
3. Artery
4. Ureter
5. Urethra
6. Kidney
B
A
C
A
B
C
D
7. Describe the path that blood takes as it filters through the urinary system and out of the body
Reproductive System
1.
What are the two types of reproduction in animals? Explain them.
2. How many chromosomes does and egg and sperm have? How many chromosomes does a zygote have?
3. What are the two types of twins and how does this occur?
4. What is the path sperm makes through the male’s body?
5. What is the path that the egg takes through the female body?
6. What occurs on the following days in the female cycle?
Day’s 1-5Day 14Day 28Day 288Matching
7. When eggs are released from the ovary.
8. The uniting of the sperm and the egg.
9. A Membrane around the developing baby, filled with fluid to protect the baby.
10. Transports nutrients and oxygen to the baby.
11. The point at which menstruation ends in middle age
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
menopause
umbilical cord
fertilization
amniotic sac
ovulation
LABEL THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAMS USING THE WORDS TO THE RIGHT
Bladder
Vagina
Urethra
Fallopian tube
Ovary
Cervix
Uterus
Vas Deferens
Epididymis
Testicle
Urethra
Prostate Gland
Seminal Vesicle
Bladder
Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles
1. Animals that have a backbone are referred to as ____________________________
2. At some point in their life, every chordate has each of the following EXCEPT
a. Tail
b. Notochord
c. Hollow nerve cord
d. Backbone
3. What is the difference between endotherms and ectotherms? Give an example of an animal of each.
4. Describe how fish breathe.
5. How are amphibian’s ecological indicators?
6. The first vertebrates to live on land were
a. Fish
b. Dinosaurs
c. Amphibians
d. Reptiles
7. Why do amphibians still have to live near water or in wet environments?
8. Why can reptiles live on land?
9. Name three ways that an amniotic egg protects reptile embryos?