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Chapter 13 The Expansive Realm of Islam Guided Study Guide—Please out page numbers for the guided reading. The phrase, “one who has submitted,” is the meaning of what term Who believed that the caliphate should follow the line of Ali? When did the Umayyad dynasty assume power? Who allowed the conquered peoples to practice their own religions as long as the conquered people do what? 5. Who was the founder of the Abbasid dynasty? 6. Describe the difference between the Abbasid dynasty and the Umayyad dynasty. 7. During the last two hundred years of the Abbasid empire, who controlled them? 8. What did the Mongols do in 1258? 9. What new industry, transmitted to the Islamic world from China, was introduced during the Abbasid period? 10. What is the term for inns offering food and lodging for traveling merchants called? 11. What are Islamic banks letters of credit, which could be drawn on the parent bank, known as? 12. The Quran, following the example of Muhammad, allowed men to have up to how many wives? 13. When and why did Islamic society become more patriarchal? 14. What are madrasas? 15. Who was in an emotional and mystical union with Allah? 16. The Persian influence on Islam is best demonstrated in what way? 17. Identify The Thousand and One Nights. 18. What was the main Indian influence on Islamic thought? 19. Where does Arabic numbers actually have their origin? 20. From which region did the Muslims adopt their numerals? 21. Who was the Islamic thinker who studied Aristotle and whose thought, in turn, influenced the rise of European scholasticism? 1. 2. 3. 4. Terms: 1. Manichaean 2. Ka’ba 3. “Night of Power and Excellence” 4. Jinns and shaitans 5. Islam 6. Hijrah 7. Umma 8. Hajj 9. Khalifa (caliph) 10. The Five Pillars of Islam 11. Caliphate 12. Qur’an 13. Ulama 14. Sultan 15. Shari’a 16. Hadith 17. Madrasa 18. Sufi Brotherhood (Sufism) 19. “People of the Book” 20. dar al-Islam 21. Shi’ites 22. Sunnis Places 23. “Empty Quarter” 24. Mecca (Makkah) 25. Medina 26. Samarra 27. Al-Andalus Empires / Kingdoms 28. Byzantine Empire 29. Umayyad Caliphate 30. Abbasid Caliphate 31. Seljuk Turk Empire 32. Ghana Kingdom Individuals / People 33. Abraham (Ibrahim) 34. Muhammad Chapter 13 Study Guide (The Rise of Islam, 600 – 1200) 2 35. Khadija 36. Muslim 37. Abu Bakr 38. Saladin 39. A’isha 40. Mamluk 41. Ibn Rushd/Averroes Events / Periods / Wars 42. The Islamic Conquests (634 – 711 CE) 43. The First Crusades (the Crusades) 44. Battle of Ain Jalut Literature / Art / Architecture 45. The Arabian Nights 2 Chapter 13 Study Guide (The Rise of Islam, 600 – 1200) 3 Essay Topics: Continuity and Change Over Time (CCOT)—or Change Over Time (COT) 1. Describe the religious atmosphere in Byzantium and the Arabian Peninsula before the rise of Islam. How did Islam change the outlook and behavior of the peoples from this region? 2. Describe the system of succession for the leadership of Islam. How did it originate and why? How did the schism occur, and what was its impact on Islam? 3. How did Islam become a cultural and economic unifying force between 600 and 1200 CE? 4. What were the major turning points in the development of the caliphate from the beginnings of Islam through 1258 CE? COMPARE AND CONTRAST: 1. Compare and contrast the impact of Islam and one other monotheistic faith (Judaism or Christianity) on politics and society. (Use Chart 1to help brainstorm for your essay) ASK MS. LEE FOR THE CHARTS—DON’T FORGET 2. How did the Abbasid caliphates differ in style and substance form the Umayyad caliphate? (use chart 2 to brainstorm for your essay) ASK MS. LEE FOR THE CHARTS—DON’T FORGET 3. Compare and contrast Islam to other religions discussed in the class, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Zoroastrianism. Do these religions have anything in common? General Essay Topics: 1. How was the Islamic world influenced by its contact with the older Greek, Persian, and Indian societies? How did Islam influence these societies? 2. Examine the role of women in the Arab and Islamic worlds. How did the position of women change as Islam expanded? 3. Examine the rise and fall of the Umayyad dynasty. What caused its rapid rise to power? What internal problems caused its fall? 4. Examine the spread of Islam. What areas were brought under Muslim control and how? How did Islam influence these areas? How did these areas influence Islam? In what ways did Islam work as a unifying force? 5. Examine the split between the Sunni and Shia sects of Islam. What brought about this schism? How has it shaped Islamic history? 6. Discuss the role that trade played in the Islamic world. How did the spread of Islam create a new trading zone? How did Muhammad view merchants? Discussion Questions 1. Discuss the nature of Islamic tolerance. Compare the theory and practice of tolerance to the popular perception of it today. 2. Discuss the implications of Muhammad’s role as the “seal of the prophets.” What other prophets were considered important in Islam? 3. What are the social implications of Islamic thought? Examine the social structure of Arabia before the rise of Islam. In what ways was Muhammad a social reformer? 4. Examine the role Muhammad played in the rise of Islam. What was his basic philosophy? How did his life experiences shape this thought? 3 Chapter 13 Study Guide (The Rise of Islam, 600 – 1200) 4 5. After Muhammad died, what were the challenges faced by dar al-Islam, and how were they resolved within the first century? MAP/DBQ QUESTIONS 1. Trace the expansion of Islam, illustrated in Map 13.1, The expansion of Islam, 632-733 C.E. Compare the size and wealth of the burgeoning Islamic empires to that of the Byzantines, Lombards, and Franks. How close did these Islamic empires come to recreating the Roman empire? 2. Examine Map 13.1, The expansion of Islam, 632-733 C.E. What other cultures did the Muslims encounter during their conquests? How did the rapid conquests create problems for the new Muslim empire? 3. Examine the picture of Sufis on page 274. What are they doing? How do the many activities in the picture relate to the Sufis’ belief in Islam? Are their beliefs similar to any other religious groups studied so far? 4. Read the passage from the Quran (see Textbook: Sources from the Past: The Quran on Allah and His Expectations of Humankind). How is the Islamic view of Allah similar to the Jewish or Christian view of God? Compare it to other religions studied in the course. 5. The passage from the Quran (see Textbook: Sources from the Past: The Quran on Allah and His Expectations of Humankind) describes Allah and says, “He has begotten no one and is begotten of none.” What does this phrase mean? How does it relate to the Islamic interpretation of the nature of Jesus? 4