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Notes: Introduction to Genetics – 10.1 Mendel’s Laws of Heredity
Part 1 of Powerpoint: Basic genetics
Slide 1: What is heredity?
Slide 2: Who was Gregor Mendel?
Slide 3: Crossing Pea Plants:
Drawing from the Board: Mendel’s Plant Crossing
Part 2 of Powerpoint: Mendel’s Rules & Laws
Slide 4: Rule 1) Rules of Unit Factors
Slide 5: Rule 2) Rule of Dominance
Slide 6: Dominant and Recessive examples:
Slide 7: Phenotype & Genotype
Slide 8: Heterozygous & Homozygous
3) Law of Segregation
The two alleles for a trait must separate when gametes are formed
A parent randomly passes only one allele for each trait to each offspring
Law of Segregation explained
During Meiosis – homologous chromosomes and their alleles separate.
4) Law of Independent Assortment
The genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other.
Just because you get Dad’s blue eyes doesn’t mean you will get his blonde hair also!
Monohybrid Cross
Monohybrid Cross - crossing parents who differ in only one trait (TT, Tt, tt)
- Use a special method called punnet squares.
Questions...
1) How many does alleles does an individual receive for each trait?
2)What is an allele?
3)How many alleles does a parent pass on to each offspring for each trait?
4) What are the gametes of the following parents?
a) Aa
b) gg
c) RR
5) What do we call the trait that is observed? What case (upper or lower) is it written in?
6) What about the one that disappears? What case is it written in?
7) What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?
8) If green peas (G) are dominant over yellow peas (g), give the phenotypes for the following genotypes:
a) GG
b) Gg
c) gg
9) What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?
10) Round peas (R) are dominant over wrinkled peas (r). Give the genotypes for the following phenotypes:
Round
Wrinkled