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Review Workbook By Mrs. Shapiro Based on the textbook Chemistry The Study of Matter by Prentice Hall Name _____________________________________________________________ Period ______________ Standard1 LAB Learn how to use lab appratus and learn how to write a proper conclusion. 1 Measurement 2 Use of glassware 3 Use of technology 4 Precision and Accuracy 5 % error Precision and Accuracy Three arrows are shot at a target. All 3 arrows hit the target within a distance of .1 cm of each. However, each arrow is at least 10 cm away from the bull’s eye of the target. Does this histogram explain that data? ____________________ Comment on the accuracy and the precision of the arrows. -10 0 10 Measurement If I place an object in the graduated cylinder that has a volume of 10 ml, what will the new volume be? ____________ Draw a picture showing the new volume. An object measures 12.15 cm x 10.24 cm x 3.78 cm. What is the volume of the object? ___________________ What is the area? ________________ Show your work. Percent Error Practice (Observed Value - True Value) Percent Error = -------------------------------------------------- x 100 True Value 1. Working in the laboratory, a student find the density of a piece of pure aluminum to be 2.85 g/cm3. The accepted value for the density of aluminum is 2.699 g/cm 3. What is the student's percent error? Standard 2 DATA Learn to represent and interpret data in a variety of formats. 1 Draw and interpret graphs 2 Make and interpret graphs 3 Significant figures 4 Scientific Notation 5 Record proper units Graphing What is the slope of the graph? _______ Based on the graph, estimate what time it will be in 85 meters? _______ Determine the linear equation the graph. y = mx + b Using the linear equation, determine what the time will be at 100 meters?________________ Kilo Hecto Deca <unit> meter, liter, gram Metric Conversions 1) 268 grams =_____mg =_____meters 2) 8 meters = _____Km 3) 13 liters =_____dL 4) 2.5 centigrams =_____grams 5) .03 Kilometers =_____cm deci centi milli 6) 5,638 centimeters 7) .0096 Kilograms = 8) 2.85 milliliters = 9) 28 Decameters = 10) 8 liters = _____decigrams _____centiliters _____Kilometers _____deciliters Significant Figures 1) 3.0800 ______ 4) 91,600 ______ 7) 0.0301 ______ 2) 0.00418 ______ 5) 0.003005 ______ 8) 8000 ______ 3) 7.09 x 10-5 ______ 6) 3.200 x 109 ______ 9) 5.20 x 103 ______ a. 802.57 to 3 sf's b. 802.57 to 2 sf's Scientific Notation a. (2.5 x 10-4) x (4.0 x 10-3) = b. (2.5 x 104) x (4.0 x 103) = d. (7.0x 107) / (3.5 x 105) = e. (9.0 x 102) / (3.0 x 10-3) = ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ Standard 3 GAS LAWS Determine the relationship of a gas to the pressure, volume, temperature and/or change in state of matter to the Kinetic Molecular theory. Boyle P x V Practice 1. If some neon gas at 121 kPa were allowed to expand from 3.7 dm3 to 6.0 dm3 without changing the temperature, what pressure would the neon gas ? P V T = P V T 2. A quantity of gas under a pressure of 1.78 atm has a volume of 550 cm3. The pressure is increased to 2.50 atm, while the pressure remains constant. What is the new volume? P V T = P V T 2) 390 cm3 Answers: 1) 75 kPa Charles V/T Practice 1. What volume will a sample of hydrogen occupy at 28.0 oC at 2.23 dm3 . What will the volume be at temperature of 0.0 oC? Assume that the pressure remains constant. (Remember Kelvin). P V T = P V T 2. If a gas occupies 733 cm3 at 10.0 oC, at what temperature will it occupy 950 cm3? Assume that pressure remains constant. P V T = P Answers: 1) 2.02 dm3 V T 2) 370 K Gay-Lussac P/T Practice 1) If I initially have a gas at a pressure of 1.1 atm, what will the pressure be if I increase it from 298 K to 360 K? P V T = P V T 2) A toy balloon has an internal pressure of 1.05 atm. If the temperature where the balloon is released is 20 0 C, what will the temperature have to be when the balloon raises to an altitude where the pressure is 0.85 atm? P V T Answers = P 1.) 1.33 atm V 2.) 460 K T If you place a bottle of seltzer that has pressure of 1.25 atm in the freezer until it temperature until it reaches 15 C, what will the new temp if the pressure decreases to 1.01 atm when the bottle is opened. What law would that obey? Will it freeze when you open it? Which picture best represents the relationship between volume and pressure? What would happen to the kinetic energy and the pressure if you doubled the particles? Draw what the particles look like? How many should be there? What will happen to the pressure? _____________ What will happen to the volume? _____________ What will happen to the kinetic energy? _____________ What will happen to the temperature? _____________ Standard 4 MATTER Learn to apply the law of conservation of matter during a physical change Separation of matter Heterogeneous and homogenous mixtures States of matter Determine whether the molecules below are a solid, liquid, or gas. Then decide whether they are an element, compound or a mixture. Solid Liquid Gas ________ _______ _______ ________ ________ _______ Element Compound Mixture ________ _______ _______ ________ ________ _______ Physical and Chemical Property Practice a. water boils at 100C b. The pH of acid is 2 c. snow is hexagonal d. the slope is 1 g/ml e. density of H2O 1g/ml f. salt is soluble in H2O g. Floor tile is 1 ft x 1 ft __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ Densities 1. A student determines that a piece of an unknown material has a mass of 5.854 g and a volume of 7.57 cm 3. 2. Cobalt is a hard magnetic metal that resembles iron in appearance. It has a mass of 17.8 g and a volume of 2 cm3, what is the density? 3. A piece of was with a volume of 8.50 mL is found to have a mass of 8.06 g. What is the density? 4. What is the density of a piece of concrete has a mass of 8.76 g and a volume of 3.07 ml? Standard 5 ELEMENTS AND FORMULAS Learn chemical nomenclature. Symbols and names of elements Naming and formulas Atomic models Element Practice 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Li Fe S P Na Ca Ar F N Cr Au Ga Ag Ti Be Ne H Zn Co Ni ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ 26. Iron ____________ 27. Tungsten ____________ 28. Carbon ____________ 29. Arsenic ____________ 30. Vanadium ____________ 31. Platinum ____________ 32. Gold ____________ 33. Zirconium ____________ 34. Tin ____________ 35. Bromine ____________ 36. Bismuth ____________ 37. Antimony ____________ 38. Iodine ____________ 39. Xenon ____________ 40. Gallium ____________ 41. Aluminum ____________ 42. Chromium ____________ 43. Mercury ____________ 44. Germanium___________ 45. Uranium ____________ Evolution of Atomic Theory 1 1 H 19 9 F Write the correct formulas and formula names 1. NH4+ and PO43- __________________ ________________ _________________ 2. H+ and BrO31- __________________ ________________ _________________ 3. Li+ and CO32- __________________ ________________ _________________ 4. Na+ and SO42- ____________________ ________________ _________________ 5. K+ and CrO42- ___________________ ________________ _________________ Std 6 11. C4+ and Cl- __________________ ________________ _________________ 12. Sr+2 and CO32- __________________ ________________ _________________ 13. Ba+2 and BrO31- ________________ ________________ _________________ 14. B+3 and PO43- __________________ ________________ _________________ 15. NH4+ and HPO42- _______________ ________________ _________________ PERIODIC TABLE Relate the chemical and physical properties of an element to its subatomic structure and its position on the Periodic Table Activity Series within a family Electron Configuration Ion formation Bonding Trends Periodic Table Review Questions 1. Arrange the Group I metals in order of reactivity from most reactive to least reactive. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Is the same trend seen in the Alkaline Earth Metals, which was more reactive Ca or Sr? ______________________________________________________________________ 3. Compare the reactivity of Na, K & Ca, in water. Which group is more reactive ( I or II)? ______________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the trend in reactivity seen within the family 7 of the periodic table? ______________________________________________________________________ 5. For metals what is the trend in reactivity seen within the same family of the periodic table? ______________________________________________________________________ 6. Which would be the most reactive metal in the periodic table? ______ nonmetal?_______ 7. Which metal is a liquid at Room Temperature? ____________nonmetal?_____________ 8. What is the trend in reactivity seen within the family 8 of the periodic table? __________ 9. Why are the noble gases so “noble”? ________________________________________ 10.Complete the following by labeling the periodic table on the next page. a. Label Group A 1 – 8 and Group B b. Label Solids, liquids, and gases c. Label s, p, d, and f sections d. Label Non metals, metals, semi-metals LINE e. Label alkali, alkaline, transition, halogens, and noble families Std 7 EQUATIONS Learn to apply the law of conservation of matter during a chemical change Recognize types of equations Balance equations Predict products Energy is reactions Molar ratios Use the following choices to classify the type of reaction a. Synthesis b. Decomposition c. Single replacement d. double replacement 1. ____Cu + ____ S ____ Cu2S 2. ____ H2 + ____ Cl2 --> ____ HCl 3. ____ Ca + ____ H2O --> ____ Ca(OH)2 + ____ H2 4. ____ Na2O ____ Na + ____ O2 Make sure the above equations are balance 2H2O 2H2 + O2 5. What is the volume of 1 mole of oxygen gas at standard temperature and pressure is? 6. How many moles of water are present? 7. How many grams of water will be needed? Balance ______Na + H2O _____Na2O + _____H2 + heat 8. Is this an exothermic or endothermic reaction?