Download unit 7 overview: genetics

UNIT 7 OVERVIEW: GENETICS
A multi-cellular organism develops from a single zygote, and its phenotype depends on its genotype,
which is established at fertilization. Mutations and sexual reproduction lead to genetic variation in a
population.
Vocabulary & Key Terms
1. mitosis
2. meiosis
3. chromosome
4. chromatin
5. sister chromatids
6. homologous
chromosome
7. diploid (2n)
8. haploid (n)
9. gamete
10. zygote
11. fertilization
12. pollination
13. crossing over
14. tetrad
15. nondisjunction
1. gene
2. allele
3. genotype
4. phenotype
5. dominant alleles
6. recessive alleles
7. incomplete dominant alleles
8. codominance alleles
8. X-linked alleles
9. homozygous (pure)
10. heterozygous (hybrid)
11. law of independent
assortment
12. law of segregation
13. pedigree
14. karyotype
Objectives & Study Questions
1. What important events occur during interphase of the cell cycle? Why are these events necessary?
2. Identify key features of the cell cycle: interphase and mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase).
3. What is cytokinesis? How is cell division different in plant cells?
4. What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes? When are chromosomes visible?
5. Distinguish between diploid and haploid cells (n and 2n where n = ________________________).
6. Which cells are haploid? Which are diploid?
7. How many chromosomes do human body cells have? Are they 2n or n? How many pairs of
homologous chromosomes do they have? What about sex cells?
8. Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis. How many cell divisions? Which cells are involved?
9. Compare and contrast zygote with gametes. Haploid or diploid?
10. What is crossing-over and when does it occur? What is a tetrad? What is the chiasmata?
11. What is the end result of meiosis?
12. How does meiosis ensure genetic variation?
13. Distinguish between genes, traits and alleles.
14. What is fertilization? What is pollination?
15. Compare and contrast genotype with phenotype. How would you describe each one?
16. Identify the following genotypes as heterozygous, homozygous recessive, or homozygous
dominant: GG, Gg, and gg.
17. What are the gametes for an organism whose genotype is Rr? What about RR?
18. What are the possible gamete combinations for an organism with the genotype RrWw?
19. Compare a homozygous genotype with a heterozygous genotype
20. Explain the law of segregation.
21. Explain the law of independent assortment.
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Biology 2013-2014 Murdock
22. What would be the expected genotypes of the parents from a genetic cross that predicts to give a
9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio?
23. Discuss nondisjunction. What might result from this?
24. Compare and contrast a pedigree chart with a karyotype
25. Female genotype is _____ whereas male genotype is ______
26. In pea plants, round seeds (R) are dominant to dented seeds (r). In a genetic cross of two plants; one that is
homozygous dominant for the round seed shape trait and one that is homozygous recessive for the dented seed
trait, what percent of the offspring should have dented seeds?
27. A genetic cross between two heterozygous pea plants having yellow seeds will yield what percent of yellow
and green-seeded plants in the F2 generation? Yellow seeds are dominant to green.
28. If codominance is displayed in cow fur, predict the phenotypic ratios of offspring when a homozygous white
cow is crossed with a homozygous black bull.
29. If incomplete dominance is observed in flower color, predict the phenotypes of F1 generation if a
homozygous red plant was crossed with a homozygous white plant.
30. What is the chance that a pea plant will have yellow seeds (dominant to green) and a short stem (dominant
to tall) of a SsYy x ssyy cross is:
31. In a cross between a white-eyed female fruit fly and red-eyed male, what percent of the female offspring
will have white eyes? (White eyes are X-linked, recessive)
32. Hemophilia in humans is due to an X-chromosome mutation. What will be the results of mating between a
normal female and a hemophilic male?
33. A human female "carrier" who is heterozygous for the recessive, sex-linked trait causing red-green color
blindness marries a normal male. What proportion of their male offspring will have red-green color blindness?
34. If a parent who was heterozygous for type A blood mated with a parent who was heterozygous for type B
blood, what percent chance would they have of producing a child with type AB blood? What Type O blood?
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Biology 2013-2014 Murdock