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SCIENCE 7: UNIT 5 REVIEW Each topic will be broken down into the following categories. -Main points: the main ideas of the topic. -Vocab: All the relevant vocab for the topic -Things to Remember: Here I will put some extra points and information to help guide study -Sample Questions: Some possible questions that might come up. Remember that these are not the same questions that will be on the test, rather a starting point to help study. Study Tips 1. DO NOT just read through the textbook! Trust me, you wont remember much! 2. Find a study partner and quiz each other. Write out the stuff that you can’t remember and quiz each other on it until you can answer without help. 3. Teach it! Find someone… anyone!... anything! It can be a parent, a sibling, a cat, a goldfish, a wall, your pillow… anything! Teach it the things that you need to remember. Use the textbook or your notes at first and then try to explain the concepts without the book. It is best to teach someone who can respond and tell you if they don’t understand. Having to explain the same thing in different ways will help you to learn the material inside out. 4. Use a PENCIL and circle important words or phrases in the textbook or your notes. This gets you involved more than reading does and will help to remember. Make sure you combine it with other study methods. Remember to erase the marks you make. 5. Make a study sheet and write out things you cant remember in crayon (that’s right… I said crayons). Use a different color for different concepts or topics. 6. Make up little poems or songs like… Roses are red Violets are blue Converging tectonic plates formed the rocky mountains Diverging tectonic plates formed the Atlantic mid-ocean ridge If you are good at making up ditties it can really help remember little facts Topic One: Minerals Main Points: -Most minerals are rare, only a few are common (quartz, feldspar, mica) -A mineral can be an element (pure substance) or a compound (two or more elements combined -Minerals can be identified in many ways (be familiar with each): 1. Mohs Hardness Scale. 2. Crystal shape 3. Lustre (shininess) 4. Colour 5. Streak 6. Cleavage and Fracture 7. Acid test. Vocab: The terms above Things to remember: Be able to tell the difference between a rock, mineral, and an element! Sample Question: Put these objects in order according to their Mohs hardness scale. Chalk, porcelain, glass, diamond Topic two: Rocks and the Rock cycle Main Points: -The three main types of rock: Igneous, Metamorphic, and Sedimentary and how they form. -Intrusive vs. extrusive igneous rock -Draw the rock cycle chart on page 368 Vocab: Igneous rock, Magma, Lava, Extrusive Igneous, Intrusive Igneous, Sediment, Stratification, Campaction, Cementation, Metamorphic, Parent Rock., Rock Cycle. -Things to remember: Don’t bother with pages 371 and 372 which we cover later this year in more detail. Sample Question: With heat, pressure and lots of time, Sedimentary limestone will change into _________. TOPC 3: Erosion Main points: Erosion and all its forms: Mechanical weathering, biological weathering, chemical weathering, and glaciers. Vocab: Mechanical weathering, frost wedging, sedimentation, chemical weathering, biological weathering, chemical biological weathering, abrasion. Things to remember: you will need to give examples of all types of erosion. AND don’t forget about meandering rivers. Sample Question: Give two examples of each. -Mechanical weathering -Chemical weathering -Biological chemical weathering Topic 4: The moving crust. Main points: the different scientific theories about the movement of the earths crust from Wegener’s theory of continental drift to today’s theory of plate tectonics. Be sure to remember how each of the theories is different. This topic also explains how the plates move. Vocab: Mantle, continental drift, sonar, sea floor spreading, plates, theory of plate tectonics, diverging plates, convergent plates, strike slip plates, convection current, subduction zones. Things to remember: All the different evidence that Wegener collected to support his theory. Explain how the magnetism shows that the sea floor is spreading. Sample question: Explain how the theory of plate tectonics is different from the theory of continental drift. Topic 5: Earthquakes and Topic 6: Volcanoes Main points: How earthquakes are measured, how they are located, the types of earthquake waves, the types of rock movement in an Earthquake, and tsunamis. Vocab: Seismologist, seismograph, richter scale, seismic wave, aftershock, Primary (P) waves, secondary (s) waves, Surface waves, focus, epicenter, Normal fault, Reverse fault, strike slip or transform fault, tsunami. Sample question. Name the instrument used to measure earthquakes, how does it work? Topic 6: Volcanoes Main points: how volcanoes form, and where they form. How they are similar to earthquakes. Ring of fire. Vocab: vents, dormant volcano, ring of fire. Things to remember: Don’t forget about some of the volcanoes we have studied: Mt. St. Helens, Krakatau, and Vesuvius. Sample question: How are volcanoes and earthquakes similar? (for this “because the shake” is not the answer. I am looking for how they are similar in terms of what’s going on under them). Topic 7: Mountains Main points: The different types of mountains. How to tell old mountains from young mountains. Vocab: Anticline, syncline, thrust faulting, fault block mountains, complex mountains. Things to remember: The difference between the Canadian Rockies and the American Rockies. Sample question: Describe the process involved in creating folded mountains. Topic 8: Fossils Main points: Types of fossils, what are fossils, mould and cast formation. Vocab: Petrified, carbonaceous film, original remains, trace fossils, mould, cast. Things to remember: Make sure you know about each type of fossil, and be able to give an example of each. Sample question: A mosquito in amber is an example of which type of fossil? TOPIC 9: Geologic Time Main points: Dating the age of rocks (relative vs. absolute). How technology helps. The geologic time scale. Vocab: Principle of superposition, strata, relative dating, index fossil, halflife, radiometric dating, radiocarbon dating, era, period, eon, Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenezoic, Laurasia, Gandwanaland. Things to remember: Be sure you know all the eras, and the periods of the Mesozoic and Cenezoic eras. Sample question: What is an index fossil and how does it help determine the age of rocks? Topic 10: Fossil fuels Main points/things to remember/sample questions: what are fossil fuels? what are the advantages and disadvantages of fossil fuels? What are the alternatives?