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SCIENCE 7: UNIT 5 REVIEW
Each topic will be broken down into the following categories.
-Main points: the main ideas of the topic.
-Vocab: All the relevant vocab for the topic
-Things to Remember: Here I will put some extra points and
information to help guide study
-Sample Questions: Some possible questions that might come up.
Remember that these are not the same questions that will be on the
test, rather a starting point to help study.
Study Tips
1. DO NOT just read through the textbook! Trust me, you wont
remember much!
2. Find a study partner and quiz each other. Write out the stuff that
you can’t remember and quiz each other on it until you can answer
without help.
3. Teach it! Find someone… anyone!... anything! It can be a parent, a
sibling, a cat, a goldfish, a wall, your pillow… anything! Teach it the
things that you need to remember. Use the textbook or your notes at
first and then try to explain the concepts without the book. It is best
to teach someone who can respond and tell you if they don’t
understand. Having to explain the same thing in different ways will
help you to learn the material inside out.
4. Use a PENCIL and circle important words or phrases in the
textbook or your notes. This gets you involved more than reading does
and will help to remember. Make sure you combine it with other study
methods. Remember to erase the marks you make.
5. Make a study sheet and write out things you cant remember in
crayon (that’s right… I said crayons). Use a different color for
different concepts or topics.
6. Make up little poems or songs like…
Roses are red
Violets are blue
Converging tectonic plates formed the rocky mountains
Diverging tectonic plates formed the Atlantic mid-ocean ridge
If you are good at making up ditties it can really help remember little
facts
Topic One: Minerals
Main Points:
-Most minerals are rare, only a few are common (quartz, feldspar, mica)
-A mineral can be an element (pure substance) or a compound (two or more
elements combined
-Minerals can be identified in many ways (be familiar with each):
1. Mohs Hardness Scale.
2. Crystal shape
3. Lustre (shininess)
4. Colour
5. Streak
6. Cleavage and Fracture
7. Acid test.
Vocab: The terms above
Things to remember: Be able to tell the difference between a rock, mineral,
and an element!
Sample Question:
Put these objects in order according to their Mohs hardness scale.
Chalk, porcelain, glass, diamond
Topic two: Rocks and the Rock cycle
Main Points:
-The three main types of rock: Igneous, Metamorphic, and Sedimentary and
how they form.
-Intrusive vs. extrusive igneous rock
-Draw the rock cycle chart on page 368
Vocab: Igneous rock, Magma, Lava, Extrusive Igneous, Intrusive Igneous,
Sediment, Stratification, Campaction, Cementation, Metamorphic, Parent
Rock., Rock Cycle.
-Things to remember: Don’t bother with pages 371 and 372 which we cover
later this year in more detail.
Sample Question:
With heat, pressure and lots of time, Sedimentary limestone will
change into _________.
TOPC 3: Erosion
Main points: Erosion and all its forms: Mechanical weathering, biological
weathering, chemical weathering, and glaciers.
Vocab: Mechanical weathering, frost wedging, sedimentation, chemical
weathering, biological weathering, chemical biological weathering, abrasion.
Things to remember: you will need to give examples of all types of erosion.
AND don’t forget about meandering rivers.
Sample Question:
Give two examples of each.
-Mechanical weathering
-Chemical weathering
-Biological chemical weathering
Topic 4: The moving crust.
Main points: the different scientific theories about the movement of the
earths crust from Wegener’s theory of continental drift to today’s theory
of plate tectonics. Be sure to remember how each of the theories is
different. This topic also explains how the plates move.
Vocab: Mantle, continental drift, sonar, sea floor spreading, plates, theory
of plate tectonics, diverging plates, convergent plates, strike slip plates,
convection current, subduction zones.
Things to remember: All the different evidence that Wegener collected to
support his theory. Explain how the magnetism shows that the sea floor is
spreading.
Sample question: Explain how the theory of plate tectonics is different from
the theory of continental drift.
Topic 5: Earthquakes and Topic 6: Volcanoes
Main points: How earthquakes are measured, how they are located, the types
of earthquake waves, the types of rock movement in an Earthquake, and
tsunamis.
Vocab: Seismologist, seismograph, richter scale, seismic wave, aftershock,
Primary (P) waves, secondary (s) waves, Surface waves, focus, epicenter,
Normal fault, Reverse fault, strike slip or transform fault, tsunami.
Sample question. Name the instrument used to measure earthquakes, how
does it work?
Topic 6: Volcanoes
Main points: how volcanoes form, and where they form. How they are similar
to earthquakes. Ring of fire.
Vocab: vents, dormant volcano, ring of fire.
Things to remember: Don’t forget about some of the volcanoes we have
studied: Mt. St. Helens, Krakatau, and Vesuvius.
Sample question: How are volcanoes and earthquakes similar? (for this
“because the shake” is not the answer. I am looking for how they are similar
in terms of what’s going on under them).
Topic 7: Mountains
Main points: The different types of mountains. How to tell old mountains
from young mountains.
Vocab: Anticline, syncline, thrust faulting, fault block mountains, complex
mountains.
Things to remember: The difference between the Canadian Rockies and the
American Rockies.
Sample question: Describe the process involved in creating folded mountains.
Topic 8: Fossils
Main points: Types of fossils, what are fossils, mould and cast formation.
Vocab: Petrified, carbonaceous film, original remains, trace fossils, mould,
cast.
Things to remember: Make sure you know about each type of fossil, and be
able to give an example of each.
Sample question: A mosquito in amber is an example of which type of fossil?
TOPIC 9: Geologic Time
Main points: Dating the age of rocks (relative vs. absolute). How technology
helps. The geologic time scale.
Vocab: Principle of superposition, strata, relative dating, index fossil, halflife, radiometric dating, radiocarbon dating, era, period, eon, Precambrian,
Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenezoic, Laurasia, Gandwanaland.
Things to remember: Be sure you know all the eras, and the periods of the
Mesozoic and Cenezoic eras.
Sample question: What is an index fossil and how does it help determine the
age of rocks?
Topic 10: Fossil fuels
Main points/things to remember/sample questions: what are fossil fuels?
what are the advantages and disadvantages of fossil fuels? What are the
alternatives?