Download This is another Regents Review Packet to help you.

PREPARING FOR THE REGENTS:
 Verify that you have completed 30 lab units.
 Complete all questions in this packet.
 Buy a “Barron’s Review Book” (available at Barnes and Nobles) for Earth
Science: The Physical Setting.
 Practice as many Regents exam as you can! (I have assigned several to you via
“castlelearning.com”
My Regents Preparation Checklist: (Please note: review for chapters 9, 10
and 11 are not included since they were most recently completed!)
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completed 30 lab units.
completed the Chapter 1 review.
completed Ch. 2 “”
completed Ch. 3 “”
completed Ch. 4 “”
completed Ch. 5 “”
completed Ch. 6 “”
completed Ch. 7 “”
completed Ch. 8 “”
asked for extra help for the chapters that I have difficulty with.
These are the Chapters that I am strongest in:
These are the Chapters that I am weakest in:
I have completed and checked over the correct answers for the following
Regents exams: (Include Month and Year, ie. June 2012)
1)
2)
3)
Chapter 1: Planet Earth:
1. The earth is a little larger around its _____________ compared to its
_____________ diameter.
2. Match these terms: Hydrosphere Lithosphere Atmosphere (land/rocks
water air)
3. Which way do lines of longitude run?_____________ What label is given to
lines of longitude? ____ or _____. Which line of longitude is “0”?
_________________________________
4. How do latitude lines run?_________________ These lines are labeled as
___ or ____. The “0” latitude line is also known as the
__________________.
5. What does Polaris’s ALTITUDE tell you?
6. The earth rotates ___ degrees per hour – this equals 360 degrees in a day!
7. When contour lines are close on a topographic map, the gradient is
________.
8. Write the formula for gradient here:
9. Read ch. 1 in Review Book; answer Ch. 1 Review Questions at end.
Ch. 2: Minerals, Rocks…:
1. According to the ESRTs, most of the earth’s crust (lithosphere) is made of
________________(by both volume and mass).
2. The physical properties of minerals is determined by the INT_______
ARR___________ of AT________.
3. Match these terms with their descriptions: CLEAVAGE
STREAK
HARDNESS
LUSTER
a) The way a mineral reflects light
b) The tendency of a mineral to scratch or be scratched
c) When a mineral cracks along a smooth plane when hit with a hammer
and chisel.
d) The color of the powder left behind when the mineral is rubbed across
an unglazed porcelain tile.
4. Describe how all igneous rocks are made:
5. What is the difference between a MAFIC and FELSIC igneous rock? (be
specific!)
6. How do INTRUSIVE and EXTRUSIVE igneous rocks differ?
7. Which of the above igneous rock type would have NO CRYSTALS?
___________________ LARGE CRYSTALS?_____________
8. What are the 2 main categories of sedimentary rocks? (use the ESRTs)
9. How are the clastic (fragmental) sed rocks distinguished from one another?
10.
How are the chemical sed rocks distinguished?
11.
What are the 2 organic rocks?
12.
Which chemical rock and organic rock will bubble when acid is put on
it?
13.
How do the chemical sed rocks form?
14.
What are some features that can be found in sed rocks? (list as many
as you can)
15.
What are the 2 main categories for metamorphic rocks?
16.
What 2 processes are involved in the making of meta. Rocks?
17.
Is melting involved in the formation of meta. Rocks?
18.
List some renewable resources:
19.
List some nonrenewable resources:
20.
Read over ch. 2 in the review book and check over your previous
answers to the chapter questions. Also, answer the review questions at the
end of the chapter.
Chapter 3: The Dynamic Crust:
1. Define these words: EPICENTER:
FAULT
FOCUS
2. Which waves travel FASTER and therefore arrive at a seismograph station
FIRST? _______
3. Knowing the difference between P and S wave arrival times can tell you the
DISTANCE to the epicenter – just like counting the number of seconds
between a flash of lightning and a boom of thunder can tell you the
distance to a storm. Can you tell the DIRECTION or EXACT LOCATION of
the epicenter by just knowing the difference in P and S wave arrival times
for ONE station? ______
4. How many stations do you need to tell the exact location of an earthquake’s
epicenter? ______
5. Which wave type (P or S) will go farther in 5 minutes? _____ How far will a
P wave go in 5 minutes? ______ an S wave?_______
6. If a P wave arrived at 2:35:00 at a station that was 1,200 km from the
epicenter, when did that earthquake start (the “origin time”)? (hint: take Pwave travel time for 1,200 km and subtract it from the arrival time.)
7. If an earthquake begins at 10:00:00, at what time will the first P-wave
arrive at a station that is 3,000 km away? (hint: ADD the P-wave travel time
to the origin time)
8. List as many characteristics that you can about these earth layers:
a. CRUST
b. MANTLE
c. OUTER CORE
d. INNER CORE
9. If you plotted the locations of hundreds of earthquakes, what pattern would
you notice?
10.
Name a Volcanic Island Chain that is NOT near a plate boundary:
11.
Draw arrows that show the relative motion of these types of plate
boundaries:
a. DIVERGENT
b. CONVERGENT
c. TRANSFORM
12.
List the boundary types for each of these boundaries:
a. Mid-Atlantic Ridge:
b. Aleutian Trench:
c. San Andreas Fault:
13.
Describe how CONVECTION CURRENTS (CELLS) drive the motions of
the plates:
14.
What are 2 pieces of evidence that the earths continents were once in
different locations:
15.
What part of Africa (N,S,E or W) was once touching SE USA?
16.
Re-read ch 3 in the Review Book and check over your answers in that
section. Also, answer the review questions at the end of the chapter.
Ch. 4: Weathering, Erosion….:
1. The “breakdown” of rocks into smaller pieces is called w_________.
2. Give 2 examples of physical weathering:
3. Give 2 examples of chemical weathering:
4. What type of climate has the fastest CHEMICAL weathering?
A) cold and dry B) cold and moist C) warm and moist
5. WEATHERING and DECAY of BIOLOGICAL ORGANISMS help make SOIL.
Which layer of the soil has the most DECAYED MATERIAL (also called
h_____)?
6. Why do trees and other plants help keep soil from eroding away?
7. The MOVEMENT of weathered material is called E____________.
8. The 4 methods of erosion are:
9. When running water has a greater gradient (slope) and discharge (volume),
what happens to its velocity (speed)?
10.
How can a river’s discharge be increased?
11.
How fast must water move to carry a boulder of the smallest size (25.6
cm)
12.
In which part of a river is the water generally flowing faster?
13.
What characteristics would you find in a rock that was carried a long
distance by a river?
14.
What are 2 ways that the wind causes erosion?
15.
Glaciers cause erosion many different ways. What are some
characteristics of glacier EROSION? (not deposition)
16.
What force is behind all forms of erosion?
17.
Rocks that are eroded by gravity tend to have a _____ appearance:
A) angular B)rounded C)pitted
18.
Once material has been ERODED it must eventually stop moving.
When it settles, it is considered DEPOSITION. What are 3 particle
characteristics that affect deposition?
19.
Draw a picture of sediments that have settled in a jar. Clearly show
the differences in SIZE of the particles:
20.
The above drawing is showing V__________ sorting. Where might
you find an example of HORIZONTAL sorting?
21.
A common example of wind deposits are S_______ D_______.
22.
What is a glacial erratic?
23.
What are some examples of coastal erosional and depositional
features?
24. Which of these landscape types has the HIGHEST relief? A) plain
B) plateau C) mountain
24.
Which of the above has the LOWEST relief?
25.
Which page in the ESRTs has NY landscape information?
26.
What is B’villes landscape region?
27.
Which type of climate produces gentler slopes with much vegetation?
A) ARID B) HUMID
28.
Why do some rock layers stick out farther than others at the edges
and sides of cliffs?
29.
What bedrock type is found in the Atlantic Coastal Plain?
30.
What type of bedrock is found in the Adirondack Mountain region?
Would this rock be likely to have fossils? _____
31.
What are 3 things humans can do to REDUCE the likelihood of soil
erosion?
32.
Re-read ch. 4 in the review book and look back over your old answers.
Also, answer the ch. Review questions at the end of the chapter.
Ch. 5: Interpreting Earth’s History:
1. Explain how each of these terms help you to determine the relative ages of
rock layers and general info about earth’s history:
a. UNIFORMITARIANISM:
b. SUPERPOSITION:
c. ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY:
d. IGNEOUS INTRUSIONS AND EXTRUSIONS (also known as “crosscutting relationships” in the TEXT):
e. FOLDS AND FAULTS (“cross-cutting relationships”):
f. FOSSILS:
2. If a fault runs through several rock layers, what do you know about the
relative age of the fault as compared to the rock layers?
3. How do scientists CORRELATE rock layers from 2 widely separated
locations?
4. See p. 121-122 in the review book. Read over the exercises described in
Fig. 5-8 and 5-9.
5. What are 2 important features of index fossils?
6. Where can you find the Geologic Time Scale in the ESRTs? ____
7. Which was the longest lasting EON? ______________
8. Which was the longest ERA? ________________
9. What is the most recent PERIOD? __________________
10.
On what basis are the time divisions based? A) They are all exactly
the same length. B) Major plant and animal evolutions and extinctions.
C) There is no basis for these divisions.
11.
Name a major event that marked the END of the MESOZOIC era:
12.
Which major event marked the START of the PALEOZOIC era?
13.
What was the early atmosphere like?
14.
Define an UNCONFORMITY:
15.
How can radioactive materials help you determine the ABSOLUTE age
of a rock or fossil?
16.
Define: HALF-LIFE:
17.
If one half of the original sample of Potassium-40 has decayed, how
many years have passed?
18.
Make a drawing of a CIRCLE that has 3 half-lives marked off:
19.
Make a drawing of a rectangle with 2 half-lives marked off:
20.
When would C14 be the best radioactive element to measure when
determining the age of a fossil?
21.
Re-read ch. 5 in the review book and look back over all previous
questions. Also, do the ch. Review questions at the end.
Ch. 6: Properties of the Atmosphere:
1. Where can you find info about the 4 layers of the atmosphere?
2. Water vapor is found in the __________________.
3. What happens to AIR TEMP and AIR PRESSURE as you up into the
troposphere?
4. Why does adding moisture to the air actually make the air pressure
DECREASE?
5. What does warm air do in relation to cold air?
6. Define “SATURATED”:
7. Remember that when you use the dew point and relative humidity charts,
you need to line up the DRY-BULB temp with the DIFFERENCE between the
dry- and wet-bulb temps.
8. What is the dew point and relative humidity of air that has a dry-bulb temp
of 6 degrees C and a wet-bulb temp of 2?
________ and ________ (remember to first get the “difference”!)
9. What is the name of the instrument that is used to measure dew point and
relative humidity?
10.
When air gets warmer and water vapor content remains the same,
what happens to the relative humidity?
11.
On an isobar map, what is happening to wind speed when the isobars
are CLOSE TOGETHER?
12.
The earth rotates, so winds tend to curve off of a straight path. This is
called the __________________ effect.
13.
In areas of CONVERGENCE, air is moving _____. (choose: in or out)
14.
In areas of DIVERGENCE, air is moving ______.
15.
Why do clouds form? Air r_________, c_______ below its d____
p______ and the water vapor c________________.
16.
Re-read ch. 6 and answer questions at the end of the chapter.
Ch. 7: Weather Systems:
1. Define “heat of fusion”:
2. Define “heat of vaporization”:
3. How can energy ENTER the atmosphere due to water changing phase?
(Think of a phase change that would RELEASE energy.)
4. Why can’t liquid water get above 100 degrees Celsius under normal
circumstances?
5. Give at LEAST 3 important things to remember when you are inserting
weather data onto a weather station model:
a.
b.
c.
6. What are the 2 characteristics of air masses? (Hint: what do the C and M
stand for? What does the T,P or A mean?)
7. Low pressure areas tend to have fronts coming from them. This is because
Low Pressure areas tend to draw in lots of different air types and these air
types don’t mix well. How can you tell where fronts belong AND how can
you tell which way the fronts are moving?
8. Re-read ch 7 in the review book. Also, answer questions at the end of the
chapter.
Ch. 8: Water Cycle and Climate:
1. Review the diagram on p. 133 in the review book. Make a short summary
of how a drop of water could go through ALL parts of the water cycle. BE
COMPLETE!
2. What happens to POROSITY if particles are tightly packed?
3. Does POROSITY change if only the size of the particles changes? (Hint: see
p. 135 in the ESRTs for help.)
4. Define “permeability”:
5. What are 2 situations that could increase runoff?
6. What are 2 situations that would increase infiltration?
7. Define “INSOLATION”:
8. When is the DURATION and ANGLE of insolation the highest in New York?
9. Which type of material is the best ABSORBER of electromagnetic radiation?
(ALSO REMEMBER: A GOOD ABSORBER is a GOOD RADIATOR!)
10.
What materials are good REFLECTORS?
11.
Draw the waves coming from the sun to the earth and waves coming
back out from the earth. Label the sun rays as “ultraviolet” and “visible
light” and label the earth rays as “infrared”.
12.
13.
14.
Which of the above rays are the LONGEST?
Name 8 factors that affect CLIMATE:
What happens to the TEMPERATURE under these circumstances:
a. Latitude is increased:
b. Altitude is increased:
15.
Draw a picture of a mountain with wind blowing toward the mountain
from off the water. Label the WINDWARD side, LEEWARD side, CLOUDS,
and PRECIPITATION.
16.
How do most storm tracks move in the continental U.S?
a. West to East b. East to West c. North to South
17.
What do large bodies of water do to an areas temperature range?
Why?
18.
Read Review Book ch. 8 and answer chapter review questions.