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Name _______________________________ Date _______________ Period ______ Unit 8 Notes Part 1: Causes of the Civil War (Chapter 16 Section 1) Essential Questions: What are the five causes of the Civil War? What was the new Southern nation called? How did Texas get involved? Where did the war start? Cause #1: Sectionalism Prior to the Civil War, the United States was not really ______________. Our country was more like two ________________ countries sharing the same land. o The ___________ had ___________________ (manufacturing), large cities, a diverse population, and favored the politics of the __________________ party which supported the abolition of slavery. o The ___________ had an economy based on ___________________ (farming), a plantation lifestyle, the views of the __________________ party, and supported the institution of slavery. Southerners were especially loyal to their state, and their section of the country (i.e., the South). This idea is called _________________________. The intense feelings of sectionalism further _________________ the country into two separate sections – the North and the South. Cause #2: Slavery Slavery was concentrated in the ___________ on large _______________ plantations. There were __________ slaves in Texas in 1860. Only 5% of Texans owned slaves, because most people were ________. Slavery was a cause of the Civil War for two reasons: o #1 – The South viewed slavery as a __________________ to maintaining their economic wealth. Slaves has no rights and were considered ________________. However, many people in the North viewed slavery as _________ and unconstitutional. o #2 – Slavery was not just a moral issue but a ________________ issue as well. The North feared the spread of slavery to new territories, which could cause an imbalance of power: If there were more __________ states in the U.S., then the South would have more power in Congress. If there were more __________ states in the U.S., the North would have more power in Congress. There was a growing movement of _______________________, or people who worked to end slavery. Many Northerners who were against slavery joined the new ___________________ Party. They were opposed by Southerners in the ___________________ Party that supported slavery. Cause #3: States’ Rights _______________________ is the idea that each state had the right to determine whether or not to follow federal laws. _____________________ supported states’ rights, as opposed to federal control. o They believed they had the right to own ___________ and even _______________, or withdraw, from the Union if they desired it. o They argued that ____________________, or supreme power, rested in the states. o They also felt that any federal tax __________________ the rights of the individual states. ______________________ did not support states’ rights. o o They believed the ___________________ government had final power. The federal government had the power to make _________ that applied to all states, including imposing _________________ (a tax on trade). Cause #4: Election of 1860 There were two main candidates for ________________ of the U.S. in _____. o _____________________ Party – Abraham Lincoln o _____________________ Party – Stephen Douglas When ___________________________ won the presidential election of 1860, Southerners believed that their rights would no longer be __________________. Southern leaders believed it was time to ________________, or withdraw, from the Union. As a result, ___ states immediately voted to withdraw from the Union. Many Texans urged Governor __________________________ to issue a call for a ______________________ to consider the secession of Texas. Cause #5: Secession On January 28, 1861, Texas leaders met in Austin at the _____________________________ Convention. The delegates quickly adopted a decree called the Ordinance of Secession. This ____________________, or local law, declared that the U.S. government had abused its power and Texas had the right to secede. On February 23, 1861, the people of Texas voted and approved secession. Texas became the _____ state to withdraw from the Union. At the _____________________ Convention, delegates from seceded states formed a new nation called the ________________________________________. o Under the Confederate _______________________, the states were given more power, and the federal government was given less. o They selected ________________________ as president of the CSA. o A Texan, _________________________, became postmaster general. _________________ Sam Houston was opposed to secession. He was removed from his position because he refused to take the ______ of allegiance to the Confederacy. Overall, ____ southern states seceded from the Union and joined the CSA. Abraham Lincoln viewed Southern secession as an unconstitutional act. He believed the Union was _____________________, or continuing forever. On April 12, 1861, Southern troops attacked ________________________, a Union garrison off the coast of Charleston, South Carolina. This was the first battle of the Civil War. No one was killed; as this was a “bloodless opening to the bloodiest war in American history.”