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Back in the U.S.A….
Post-Latin American Revolutions
• 1822
– Latin America had become a
profitable trading market for
U.S. and Britain
• 1823
– Monroe Doctrine – declared
the Americas was no longer
open for colonization by any
European powers and to not
interfere in their affairs.
Manifest Destiny
• Purchase of Louisiana Purchase
– Napoleon sold to U.S. in 1803 (prez - Jefferson)
• Mexican-American War (1846-1848)
– American victory: receives Texas, California,
Arizona, and New Mexico
= NATIONALISM
Rise of Sectionalism
**Sectionalism – extreme devotion to the interests
of 1 part or region of the country
North – industries & cities/South & West – agriculture
Slavery
**plantation – large farm worked usually by slaves
• Most believed that slavery should not be allowed to
spread outside the Southern states
**abolitionists – a person acting to end slavery
(mostly Northerners)
Tariff Policy
**tariff – tax on goods brought into a country
• Northern businesspeople want to protect their
industries from foreign competition
• Southerners traded mainly with Europe: cotton,
tobacco, and other agricultural products for
manufactured goods
1850-1861
Tensions increase
• Political differences:
Democrats (proslavery, low-tariff)
VS
Republicans (antislavery, high-tariff)
• Northerners dominate (more states & larger
population) = Southerners threaten to secede
**secede – to withdraw formally from a group or the
national government
South secedes
• Nov. 1860 – Lincoln elected president
– Over next 3 months: S. Carolina, Mississippi,
Louisiana, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and
Texas seceded from the U.S. (The Union)
– Formed the Confederate States of America
– Spring 1861: North Carolina, Virginia,
Tennessee, and Arkansas join Confederacy
U.S. Civil War
**Confederacy – alliance of Southern states after
they withdrew from the Union
**Union – the states that remained loyal to the
national government and opposed the Confederacy
• Fighting breaks out on April 2, 1861 and lasts until
April 1865
– Most of the fighting takes place in the Southern states
marked with bloodshed and destruction
End of the War
• Northern victory in 1865 = Southern states rejoin the
Union and ended slavery
• Lincoln assassinated in April before he could “bind
up the wounds of the nation”
**Reconstruction – the period after the Civil War
(1865-1877) when the Southern states were
occupied by Northern troops
Reconstruction
• Reunification controlled by Radial Republicans
– Made it difficult for the South to rejoin
– Southern states occupied by Northern troops + lost
political rights = kept sectional bitterness alive for long
after war ended
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pemkR3k3kyM