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Name:_________________DNA Structure, Function, and Protein Synthesis Test You may use all your notes, the reading verifications, and any powerpoint or pictures given in class. However, you are not able to use the textbook or conference with peers. If you use either, you will earn an automatic zero- OUCH! Matching: Terms may be used once, more than once or not at all. (1 Point each) A. B. C. D. E. F. G. Adenine Thymine Uracil Purine Pyrimidine Ribose Origin of Replication H. I. J. K. L. M. N. Intron Gene Allele Phenotype Genotype Codon Hybrid O. P. Q. R. S. T. U. Trait Autosome XX XY Terminator Polygenetic trait Anticodon _______ 1. A 3 nucleotide sequence found on mRNA _______ 2. Single-ring _______ 3. Sugar found in RNA _______ 4. Complimentary to A in DNA _______ 5. Complimentary to A in RNA _______ 6. A 3 nucleotide sequence on RNA _______ 7. Male _______ 8. A spot on a chromosome where information on a trait is found _______ 9. Site where DNA strand begins to separate _______ 10. A chromosome that doesn’t determine sex _______ 11. Female _______ 12. Involved in RNA processing _______ 13. Double ring _______ 14. Purine found in DNA _______ 15. Where transcription ends _______ 16. A 3 nucleotide sequence of tRNA Multiple Choice: (1 point each) _______ 1. Where does the process of transcription occur? a) Cytoplasm b) Nuclear envelop c) Nucleus d) Ribosome _______ 2. What is the purpose of transcription? a) Create RNA b) Create DNA c) Create a protein d) Create a cell _______ 3. What is the purpose of replication? a) Create RNA b) Create DNA c) Create a protein d) Create a cell 1 _______ 4. What is the function of DNA ligase? a) Connect codons to anticodons b) Link separate pieces of DNA c) Join amino acids together d) Break bonds in DNA ______ 5. What is the function of tRNA? a) Carry amino acids to ribosomes b) Carry information to ribosomes c) Carry amino acids to nucleus d) Carry information to nucleus _______ 6. What is the function of mRNA? a) Carry amino acids to ribosomes b) Carry information to ribosomes c) Carry amino acids to nucleus d) Carry information to nucleus ______ 7. What is the function of DNA a) Store energy b) Structure c) Store information d) No function _______ 8. Which of the following is not part of a nucleotide a) Phosphate b) Sugar c) Nitrate d) Nitrogen Base _______ 9. Which of the following shows only pyrimidines? a) Cytosine, Thymine b) Cytosine, Guanine c) Adenine, Guanine d) Adenine, Thymine _______ 10. Which describes the structure of DNA the best? a) Double stranded double helix b) Single stranded straight molecule c) Single stranded helix d) Double stranded straight molecule _______ 11. Which of the following is uncoiled DNA? a) Chromosome b) Chromatid c) Chromoplast d) Chromatin 2 _______ 12. How many chromosomes in a human egg cell? a) 46 b) 23 c) 2 d) None _______ 13. What process(es) occur(s) at the ribosomes? a) Replication b) Transcription c) Translation d) Replication and transcription _______ 14. Which of the following could represent a codon? a) ACTTCT b) ACUUCU c) AUU d) ATT _______ 15. Anticodons are on: a) mRNA b) rRNA c) tRNA d) membranes _______ 16. During translation, what happens to the amino acids? a) Nothing b) Destroyed c) Connected to each other through covalent bonds d) Connected to each other through peptide bonds _______ 17. What is the central dogma? a) A great movie with Ben Afflect and Matt Damon b) A religious pattern c) DNA-mRNA-Amino acids- polypeptides-proteins-traits d) RNA- DNA- Amino Acids- Polypeptides- proteins-traits ________ 18. The nucleotide sequence of a DNA codon is GTA. A messenger RNA molecule with a complementary codon is transcribed from the DNA. In the process of proteins synthesis, a transfer RNA pairs with the mRNA codon. What is the nucleotide sequence of the tRNA anticodon? a. CAT b. CUT c. GUA d. CAU e. GT 3 ________ 19. Which of the following correctly ranks the structures in order of size from largest to smallest? a. Gene- chromosome-nucleotide-codon b. Chromosome-gene-codon- nucleotide c. Nucleotide-chromosome- gene- codon d. Chromosome- nucleotide- gene-codon e. Gene- chromosome- codon- nucleotide Short Answers: 1. List 3 differences between DNA and RNA. (3 points) 2. Draw an untwisted DNA strand with 4 base pairs showing the accurate pairing of bases, the accurate number of hydrogen bonds and where covalent bonds exist. (5 points) 3. What about the structure of the DNA molecule allows it to store information? (3 points) 4. Draw and label a nucleotide. (3 points) 4 5. Label the RNA molecules (tRNA, mRNA, or rRNA) Use each label, once and only once. (3 points) 6. Identify the processes and list the steps to the right of the diagram. Include all enzymes and polymerase while describing the process. DETAILS, DETAILS, DETAILS! (15 points) 5 7. Distinguish between DNA, chromatin, chromosomes, centromere, chromatids. Draw pictures if necessary. (5 points) 8. The base sequence for a gene coding for a short polypeptide is CTACGCTAGGCGATTGACT. What would be the base sequence for mRNA transcribed from this gene? Using the genetic code chart provided below, give the amino acid sequence for the polypeptide translated for this mRNA. 6