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Name:_________________DNA Structure, Function, and Protein Synthesis Test
You may use all your notes, the reading verifications, and any powerpoint or pictures given in class. However,
you are not able to use the textbook or conference with peers. If you use either, you will earn an automatic
zero- OUCH!
Matching: Terms may be used once, more than once or not at all. (1 Point each)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Adenine
Thymine
Uracil
Purine
Pyrimidine
Ribose
Origin of Replication
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
Intron
Gene
Allele
Phenotype
Genotype
Codon
Hybrid
O.
P.
Q.
R.
S.
T.
U.
Trait
Autosome
XX
XY
Terminator
Polygenetic trait
Anticodon
_______ 1. A 3 nucleotide sequence found on mRNA
_______ 2. Single-ring
_______ 3. Sugar found in RNA
_______ 4. Complimentary to A in DNA
_______ 5. Complimentary to A in RNA
_______ 6. A 3 nucleotide sequence on RNA
_______ 7. Male
_______ 8. A spot on a chromosome where information on a trait is found
_______ 9. Site where DNA strand begins to separate
_______ 10. A chromosome that doesn’t determine sex
_______ 11. Female
_______ 12. Involved in RNA processing
_______ 13. Double ring
_______ 14. Purine found in DNA
_______ 15. Where transcription ends
_______ 16. A 3 nucleotide sequence of tRNA
Multiple Choice: (1 point each)
_______ 1. Where does the process of transcription occur?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Nuclear envelop
c) Nucleus
d) Ribosome
_______ 2. What is the purpose of transcription?
a) Create RNA
b) Create DNA
c) Create a protein
d) Create a cell
_______ 3. What is the purpose of replication?
a) Create RNA
b) Create DNA
c) Create a protein
d) Create a cell
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_______ 4. What is the function of DNA ligase?
a) Connect codons to anticodons
b) Link separate pieces of DNA
c) Join amino acids together
d) Break bonds in DNA
______ 5. What is the function of tRNA?
a) Carry amino acids to ribosomes
b) Carry information to ribosomes
c) Carry amino acids to nucleus
d) Carry information to nucleus
_______ 6. What is the function of mRNA?
a) Carry amino acids to ribosomes
b) Carry information to ribosomes
c) Carry amino acids to nucleus
d) Carry information to nucleus
______ 7. What is the function of DNA
a) Store energy
b) Structure
c) Store information
d) No function
_______ 8. Which of the following is not part of a nucleotide
a) Phosphate
b) Sugar
c) Nitrate
d) Nitrogen Base
_______ 9. Which of the following shows only pyrimidines?
a) Cytosine, Thymine
b) Cytosine, Guanine
c) Adenine, Guanine
d) Adenine, Thymine
_______ 10. Which describes the structure of DNA the best?
a) Double stranded double helix
b) Single stranded straight molecule
c) Single stranded helix
d) Double stranded straight molecule
_______ 11. Which of the following is uncoiled DNA?
a) Chromosome
b) Chromatid
c) Chromoplast
d) Chromatin
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_______ 12. How many chromosomes in a human egg cell?
a) 46
b) 23
c) 2
d) None
_______ 13. What process(es) occur(s) at the ribosomes?
a) Replication
b) Transcription
c) Translation
d) Replication and transcription
_______ 14. Which of the following could represent a codon?
a) ACTTCT
b) ACUUCU
c) AUU
d) ATT
_______ 15. Anticodons are on:
a) mRNA
b) rRNA
c) tRNA
d) membranes
_______ 16. During translation, what happens to the amino acids?
a) Nothing
b) Destroyed
c) Connected to each other through covalent bonds
d) Connected to each other through peptide bonds
_______ 17. What is the central dogma?
a) A great movie with Ben Afflect and Matt Damon
b) A religious pattern
c) DNA-mRNA-Amino acids- polypeptides-proteins-traits
d) RNA- DNA- Amino Acids- Polypeptides- proteins-traits
________ 18. The nucleotide sequence of a DNA codon is GTA. A messenger RNA molecule with a
complementary codon is transcribed from the DNA. In the process of proteins synthesis, a transfer RNA pairs
with the mRNA codon. What is the nucleotide sequence of the tRNA anticodon?
a. CAT
b. CUT
c. GUA
d. CAU
e. GT
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________ 19. Which of the following correctly ranks the structures in order of size from largest to smallest?
a. Gene- chromosome-nucleotide-codon
b. Chromosome-gene-codon- nucleotide
c. Nucleotide-chromosome- gene- codon
d. Chromosome- nucleotide- gene-codon
e. Gene- chromosome- codon- nucleotide
Short Answers:
1. List 3 differences between DNA and RNA. (3 points)
2. Draw an untwisted DNA strand with 4 base pairs showing the accurate pairing of bases, the accurate number
of hydrogen bonds and where covalent bonds exist. (5 points)
3. What about the structure of the DNA molecule allows it to store information? (3 points)
4. Draw and label a nucleotide. (3 points)
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5. Label the RNA molecules (tRNA, mRNA, or rRNA) Use each label, once and only once. (3 points)
6. Identify the processes and list the steps to the right of the diagram. Include all enzymes and polymerase
while describing the process. DETAILS, DETAILS, DETAILS! (15 points)
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7. Distinguish between DNA, chromatin, chromosomes, centromere, chromatids. Draw pictures if necessary. (5
points)
8. The base sequence for a gene coding for a short polypeptide is CTACGCTAGGCGATTGACT.
What would be the base sequence for mRNA transcribed from this gene?
Using the genetic code chart provided below, give the amino acid sequence for the polypeptide translated for
this mRNA.
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