Download Prologue- Rise of Democratic Ideas

Prologue- Rise of Democratic
Ideas
Section 1
Legacy of Ancient Greece
And Rome
Standard 10.1 Students relate the moral and ethical principles
In ancient Greek and Roman philosophy to the development of Western
Political thought
Standard 10.1.2 Trace the development of the Western political ideas
Of the rule of laws and illegitimacy of tyranny from Plato’s Republic
And Aristotle’s Politics
Athens Builds a Limited
Democracy
• Democracy – “rule
of the people”
•
Solon and Cleisthenes
1. How did Solon
•
expand democracy?
2. Who was not allowed
to become a citizen
in Athens?
3. Why was Cleisthenes
considered the
founder of
democracy?
Pericles
1. How did Pericles
strengthen
democracy?
2. What is the
difference between a
direct and indirect
democracy?
3. Why did democracy
end in Athens?
Greek Philosophers Use Reason
•
Philosophy – “love
of wisdom”
1. What is the
connection between
philosophy and
democracy?
Socrates
Plato
• The Republic –
describes a perfectly
governed society.
• Who should rule?
• philosopher-kings!
• Why?
Aristotle
• Politics – the middle
class should govern
society.
• Why?
• Is Aristotle correct?
Explain
Aristotle: In Search of the Best
Constitution
1. What did all the delegates at the
Constitutional Convention have in
common?
2. Describe an ancient Greek constitution.
3. Why did Aristotle believe that kings
should not possess absolute power?
4. What is a tyrant?
5. Define aristocracy and oligarchy.
6. Why did Aristotle believe that democracy
was dangerous?
7. According to Aristotle, what was the best
constitution?
Legacy of Greece
1. Used reason to solve problems
2. Developed direct democracy to allow
citizens to actively participate in
government.
3. 3 branches of government
4. Jury system
Rome Develops a Republic
•
A republic is a form of
government in which power rests
with citizens who have the right
to elect the leaders who make
governmental decisions
The Republic of Rome
• Patricians – landowners
who held most of the
power. Claimed that their
ancestry gave them the
authority to make laws
• Plebeians – common
farmers, merchants. Were
citizens and allowed to
vote. However, could not
hold many government
positions.
Twelve Tables
• Roman laws were carved on
12 tablets and publicly
displayed.
• Why is the formation of a
written law code
necessary in a democratic
government?
• Established the idea that all
free citizens had the right to
protection of the laws and
that the laws would be fair
to all.
Republican Government
• Legislative branch made up of the Senate
• Senate was made up of only patricians.
• Why do you think plebeians were not
allowed to be a senator?
Written Legal Code
• Code of Justinian
• “a government of
laws, not of men”
• Read handout and
answer questions #2,3
in notes
Principles of Roman Law
1. All citizens had the right to equal
treatment
2. Innocent until proven guilty
3. Burden of proof rested with the accuser
All laws should be based on reason !
Legacy of
Rome
1. Republic
2. An individual is a
citizen in a state and
not the subject of a
ruler
3. Written legal code
applied equally to all
citizens