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Español II-capítulo 2 Los quehaceres-chores arreglar-to straighten up (a room) barrer el piso-to sweep the floor cortar el césped-to mow the lawn/cut the grass hacer la cama-to make the bed lavar los platos-to wash the dishes limpiar-to clean mover (o-ue present tense) los muebles-to move the furniture ordenar-to arrange pasar la aspiradora-to vacuum planchar la ropa-to iron the clothes poner la mesa-to set the table quitar el polvo-to dust quitar la mesa-to clear the table regar (e-ie) las plantas-to water the plants sacar la basura-to take out the trash las cosas en la casa y ubicación-things in the house and location la alfombra-rug, carpet la bañera-bathtub el baño-bathroom cerca (de)-near la cocina-kitchen el comedor-dining room la cómoda-dresser el cuadro-painting el cuarto-room a la derecha (de)-to the right of detrás (de)-behind la ducha-shower enfrente (de)-in front of entre-between el estante-bookshelf la estufa-stove el fregadero-kitchen sink el garaje-garage la habitación-bedroom el horno-oven el inodoro-toilet a la izquierda (de)-to the left of la lámpara-lamp el lavabo-bathroom sink la lavadora-washing machine el lavaplatos-dishwasher lejos (de)-far la mesa-table la mesita de noche-nightstand la pared-wall el piso-floor la puerta-door el refrigerador-refrigerator la la la el el el el la sala-living room secadora-dryer silla-chair sillón-armchair sofá-sofa techo-roof, ceiling televisor-television set ventana-window Present progressive tense-tells what is going on right now To form present progressive tense in English use a present-tense form of “to be” and -ing Ex.-I am writing. To form present progressive tense in Spanish use the present-tense forms of “estar”: estoy estás está estamos estáis están For –ar verbs the –ing ending is –ando For –er and –ir verbs the –ing ending is –iendo Ex.-We are talking.-Estamos hablando. She is eating.-Ella está comiendo. Direct objects A direct object is a person or thing receiving an action. A direct object pronoun replaces the person or thing. me-me you (inf.)-te him/it (masc.)-lo her/it (fem.)-la us-nos y’all (Sp.)-os them (masc.)-los them (fem.)-las Ex 1. I threw the book. (“the book” is the direct object) I threw it. (“it” is the direct object pronoun replacing “the book”) Ex. 2 They see Ana outside every day. (Ana is the direct object) They see her outside every day. (“her” is the direct object pronoun replacing Ana) direct object pronouns in Spanish Direct object pronouns go in front of the conjugated verb, at the end of an unconjugated verb infinitive, or the end of a present participle (ex. Bailando) Affirmative and negative “tú” commands-used to tell someone what to do (affirmative) or what not to do (negative) 1. To form regular affirmative commands in Spanish, use the él/ella/ud. form of the verb. For –ar verbs, take off –ar and put -a For –er and –ir verbs, take off –er or –ir and put -e Ex. escuchar (to listen) - ¡Escucha! (Listen!) correr (to run) - ¡Corre! (Run!) Stem-change if necessary! irregular affirmative “tú” commands: decir (to say, tell) - di hacer (to do, make)- haz ir (to go) – ve poner (to put, place, or set) – pon salir (to leave, go out) – sal *ser (to be) – sé tener (to have) – ten venir (to come) – ven *Remember to use “ser” when describing people or things 2. To form regular negative commands in Spanish, go to “yo” form of the verb*, then drop the “o” and add the following endings: -ar verbs – es -er/-ir verbs – as Put “No” in front of verb. Ex. hablar (to talk) – No hables. (Don’t talk) salir (to leave) – No salgas. (Don’t leave.) * Verbs with irregular “yo” forms conducir (to drive)-yo conduzco conocer-(to know a person/place)-yo conozco decir (to say, tell)-yo digo hacer (to do, make)-yo hago oír (to hear)-yo oigo poner (to put, place)-yo pongo saber (to know facts)-yo sé salir (to leave, go out)-yo salgo seguir (to follow, continue)-yo sigo tener (to have)-yo tengo traer (to bring)-yo traigo venir (to come)-yo vengo ver (to see)-yo veo Irregular negative “tú” commands dar (to give) – no des ir (to go) – no vayas ser (to be) – no seas