Download Some Events that Occur During Meiosis

Cell Division
Jan 96,27
Use the following information to answer the next question
In the life cycle of this jellyfish, the polyp stage is sessile. The medussa is a diploid, freeswimming animal. The planula is ciliated and motile.
1.
Meiosis occurs in this life cycle when
A.
B.
C.
D.
an egg and a sperm fuse to form a zygote
a mature polyp produces a medusa
a planula produces a young polyp
a medusa produces gametes
Jan 96,28
Use the following information to answer the next question
2.
Which structures normally have a haploid number of chromosomes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Seed plant spores and animal zygotes
Seed plant spores and animal gametes
Seed plant zygotes and animal zygotes
Seed plant gametes and animal zygotes
Jan 96,4
Use the following information to answer the next question
Some Events that Occur During Meiosis
1.
2.
3.
4.
Gametes are produced
Spindles form and homologous pairs of chromosomes separate
Centromeres divide and chromatid pairs separate
Chromosomes are replicated
Numerical Response
4. Provide the correct sequence of these four events that occur during meiosis
(Record your four-digit answer in the numerical-response section of the answer sheet.)
Answer: ___________
Jan 96,29
Use the following information to answer the next question
Mature red blood cells lack a nucleus. Approximately 2 million red blood cells are destroyed every
second in the circulatory system. All blood cells differentiate from a common source – a population of
pluripotent stem cells in the bone marrow. Pluripotent refers to the potential of these cells to form any
type of blood cell.
3.
Which statement best explains why the umber of red blood cells in the human body can be maintained?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Mature red blood cells retain sufficient mRNA for replication and transcription
Pluripotent stem cells undergo cell division continuously to produce new red blood cells
Other types of mature blood cells undergo differentiation to form new red blood cells
Mature red blood cells, before they are destroyed, undergo cytoplasmic cleavage
repeatedly to produce more red blood cells
Jun 96,24
Use the following information to answer the next three questions
The Life Cycle of Baker’s Yeast
The life cycle of baker’s yeast demonstrates a number of biological processes. Gene a and its allele a+
are present in this yeast population. Genotypes of cells are shown below each cell or group of cells.
4.
Which row correctly identifies processes I, II, III and IV?
Process
Row
A
B
C
D
I
fusion
fusion
fission
fission
II
mitosis
meiosis
meiosis
mitosis
III
meiosis
mitosis
mitosis
meiosis
IV
mitosis
mitosis
meiosis
meiosis
Jun 96,25
5. Processes II and IV illustrate budding. The information in the diagram indicates that budding is a type
of
A.
B.
C.
D.
asexual reproduction that produces haploid or diploid cells
asexual reproduction that produces diploid cells
sexual reproduction that produces haploid or diploid cells
sexual reproduction that produces haploid cells
Jun 96,26
6. Which genetic principle is best demonstrated by process III?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Dominance
Segregation
Crossing-over
Incomplete dominance
Jun 97,25
Use the following information to answer the next two questions
7.
What does process Y represent?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Oogenesis
Fertilization
Gastrulation
Spermatogenesis
Jun 97,26
8. The cell processes diagrammed are more advantageous than budding because
A.
B.
C.
D.
new genetic combinations are produced
recessive gene combinations cannot occur
less variation occurs increasing survival rates
only successful genetic combinations are produced
Jun 97,27
Use the following information to answer the next two questions.
To prepare a karyotype, cells are broken open and the chromosomes are stained with a dye.
A photograph of the chromosomes is taken, and the chromosomes are arranged in pairs.
Below is an example of a human karyotype that provides information about an individual.
9.
According to this karyotype, his individual has
A.
B.
C.
D.
one less autosome than normal
one more autosome than normal
one less sex chromosome than normal
one more sex chromosome than normal
Jun 97,28
10. This unusual number of chromosomes is the result of
A.
B.
C.
D.
synapsis during gametogenesis
crossing over during gametogenesis
nondisjunction during gametogenesis
lack of cytokinesis during gametogenesis
Jun 98,23
Use the following information to answer the next two questions
Organism
Horse
Dog
Cat
Human
Chromosome Number (2n)
66
78
38
46
11. Which of the following statements about cell types and chromosome numbers is correct?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The ovum of a horse contains 66 chromosomes
A somatic cell of a cat contains 76 chromosomes
The spermatid of a dog contains 39 chromosomes
A somatic cell of a human contains 23 chromosomes
Jun 98,24
Use the additional information to answer the next question
12. Which process illustrates reduction division, as in spermatogenesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Process 1
Process 2
Process 3
Process 4
Jun 98,4
Use the following information to answer the next question
Some Events That Occur During Cell Division
1
2
3
4
5
6
Centromeres divide
Cytokinesis occurs
Identical cells are produced
DNA is replicated
Haploid cells are produced
Spindle fibres form
Numerical Response
5. Four events that occur in both human asexual and sexual cell reproductions are represented by
numbers __________
(Record your four-digit answer in lowest-to-highest numerical order in the numerical-response
section of the answer sheet.)
Answer: _____ _____ _____ _____
Jun 98,25
13. In a human cell cycle, the event that occurs before mitosis begins and the event that occurs at or near
the completion of mitosis are, respectively,
A.
B.
C.
D.
crossing over and synapsis
cytokinesis and crossing over
replication of DNA and synapsis
replication of DNA and cytokinesis
Jun 98,26
Use the following information to answer the next question
During his study of genetics, Gregory Mendel cross-pollinated many pea plants. He recorded the
number and types of offspring produced and applied his knowledge of mathematics to create
explanations for his observations. He hypothesized that factors are inherited separately and
proposed the law of segregation.
14. The modern-day interpretation of Mendel’s law of segregation is that
A.
B.
C.
D.
alleles are expressed independently during mitosis
alleles are expressed independently during meiosis
paired alleles separate during mitosis and are distributed into different gametes
paired alleles separate during meiosis and are distributed into different gametes
Jan 00,23
Use the following information to answer the next question
15. Which structures in the life cycle of the Ulva are haploid (monoploid)?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Zoospores and the zygote
The sporophyte and zygote
Zoospores and the gametophytes
The sporophyte and the gametophytes
Jan 00,24
Use the following information to answer the next four questions
Chromosome Content of Human Cells During a Series of Events
16. In humans, what process must have occurred to obtain the cells at U?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Mitosis
Meiosis
Fertilization
Differentiation
Jan 00,25
17. In humans, what process occurs between U and V?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Mitosis
Meiosis
Fertilization
Differentiation
Jan 00,26
18. In humans, what process must occur before cell V forms cells W and X?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Mitosis
Meiosis
Recombination
Nondisjunction
Jan 00,27
19. In humans, cells Y and Z represent individual cells that
A.
B.
C.
D.
are two eggs
will no longer divide
will become a 4n cell
could develop into identical twins
Jan 00,3
Use the following information to answer the next question
Phases of Mitosis
1
2
3
4
Anaphase
Metaphase
Prophase
Telophase
Numerical Response
6. The phases of mitosis in the sequence in which they occur are _____, _____, _____, and _____.
(Record your four-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)
Jun 00,30
Use the following information to answer the next three questions
Investigators were interested in determining the role chromosomes play in the formation of the
mitotic spindle. Using extracts of eggs from the African frog Xenopus laevis, they monitored
spindle assembly in a test tube. The researchers replaced the chromosomes with beads, coated with
random sequence of DNA. The beads served as substitute genetic material, but centrosomes
(centrioles) were absent. As well, a part of the centromere was missing.
Simplified Diagram of Normal Mitotic Cell
-from Travis, 1996
20. Which of the structures numbered above was replaced by the beads in the experimental setup?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1
2
3
4
Jun 00,31
Use the following additional information to answer the next question
The investigators observed that the genetic material on the beads condensed and microtubules
began to form. Within 90 minutes, the microtubules formed a spindle-like structure that lined
up the beads along the centre of the cell.
-from Travis, 1996
21. Based on the results of this research, the structure or molecule that does not appear to be necessary for
mitosis is
A.
B.
C.
D.
DNA
a spindle
centrosomes
microtubules
Jun 00,32
Use the following additional information to answer the next question
Other studies showed that the phase that involves pulling chromosomes to the two poles of
mitotic cells can be delayed for up to 4.5 h by pulling a chromosome out of line form the
centre of the cell.
-from Travis, 1996
22. The phase that is delayed and the phase where the chromosomes line up at the equator are,
respectively,
A.
B.
C.
D.
telophase and anaphase
metaphase and prophase
interphase and telophase
anaphase and metaphase
Jan 01,23
Use the following information to answer the next three questions.
Meiosis is a process that results in the reduction of the chromosomes number from diploid to haploid.
Sometimes chromosomes fail to separate, which results in an abnormal number of sex chromosomes.
23. Process Z represents
A.
B.
C.
D.
fertilization
crossing-over
nondisjunction
spermatogenesis
Jan 01,24
Use the following additional information to answer the next question
Scientists studying Klinefelter and Turner syndromes wanted to determine which of several
hypotheses about gender determination was most likely. These hypotheses were:
 presence of a Y chromosome causes maleness
 lack of a second X chromosome causes maleness
 the presence of two X chromosomes causes femaleness
 the Y chromosome is not involved in gender determination
Evidence noted by the scientists included the following points.
 Individuals with Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) have genitalia and internal ducts that are
usually male, but their testes are underdeveloped.
 Individuals with Turner syndrome (XO) have female external genitalia and internal ducts;
however, the ovaries are underdeveloped.
-from Cummings and Klug, 1997
24. This evidence best supports which of the scientists’ hypotheses about gender determination?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The presence of a Y chromosome causes maleness
The lack of a second X chromosome causes maleness
The presence of two X chromosomes causes femaleness
The Y chromosome is not involved in gender determination
Jan 01,25
Use the following additional information to answer the next question
Partial Human Karyotype
25. This partial human karyotype represents the last six chromosome pairs, in numerical order. The
karyotype presented is that of a
A.
B.
C.
D.
male with trisomy 21
female with trisomy 21
male with Turner syndrome
female with Turner syndrome
Jan 01,26
Use the following information to answer the next four questions
Tay-Sachs disease is a hereditary disease that kills 1 in 360,000 individuals in the general
population, but 1 in 4,800 among the Ashkenazi (Eastern European) Jews. The disease
disrupts or halts proper formation of lysosomes and increases fat deposition around the nerve
sheath. Individuals that are homozygous for the defective allele have Tay-Sachs disease and
die at an early age. Studies suggest the heterozygous individuals have a higher survival rate
against tuberculosis than the rest of the population. Biochemical tests can be done to
determine if parents are carriers.
-from Cummings 1994
26. What type of inheritance is demonstrated in Tay-Sachs disease?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Autosomal recessive
Autosomal dominant
Sex-linked recessive
Sex-linked dominant
Jan 01,27
27. If tuberculosis regained its former role as one of the world’s deadliest diseases, then the frequency of
the Tay-Sachs allele over time would
A.
B.
C.
D.
decrease because of a decreased selective advantage
increase because of an increased selective advantage
decrease because of an increased selective advantage
remain the same as a result of Hardy – Weinberg equilibrium
Jan 01,4
Numerical Response
6. A young couple decided to have genetic screening done to determine if they were carriers of TaySachs disease. if both individuals were carriers, what percentage of their offspring would be predicted
to have protection from tuberculosis but not have Tay-Sachs disease?
Answer: __________%
(Record your answer as a whole number percentage in the numerical-response section on the answer
sheet.)
Jan 01,28
28. Genetic screening results show that an individual is a carrier of Tay-Sachs if the individual’s DNA
binds to
A.
B.
C.
D.
none of the DNA probes
two of the normal allele DNA probes
two of the defective allele DNA probes
one of the normal allele DNA probes and one of the defective allele DNA probes
Jan 01,5
Use the following information to answer the next question
Numerical Response
7. Identify the stages in the conifer life cycle, as numbered above, that correspond with the letters that
represent these stages on the diagram.
Stages: _____
Diagram: A
_____
B
_____
C
_____
D
(Record your four-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)
Jan 02,35
Use the following information to answer the next six questions
Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. Because individuals affected by
sickle cell anemia have defective hemoglobin proteins, their blood cannot transport oxygen
properly. There appears to be a relationship between the incidence of malaria and sickle cell
anemia. Individuals with sickle cell anemia and carriers of the sickle cell allele have some
resistance to malaria. Malaria is caused by the parasite Plasmodium and is transmitted between
humans by mosquitoes.
29. The probability of two carriers parents having a child with sickle cell anemia is
A.
B.
C.
D.
25 %
50 %
75 %
100 %
Jan 02,36
30. If scientists are successful in significantly reducing or eliminating malaria, the best prediction for what
will happen to the allele for sickle cell anemia in the population is that it will
A.
B.
C.
D.
not be affected by the elimination of malaria
increase as its selective advantage is increased
be reduced as its selective advantage is decreased
quickly disappear as its selective advantage is increased

Jan 02,37
Use the following additional information to answer the next two questions
31. The row below that identifies process 1 and process 2 is
Row
A.
B.
C.
D.
Process 1
mitosis
mitosis
meiosis
meiosis
Process 2
meiosis
mitosis
mitosis
meiosis
Jan 02,38
32. The row below that identifies the chromosome number at the first stage and the chromosome number
at the second stage is
Row
A.
B.
C.
D.
First stage
diploid
diploid
haploid
haploid
Second stage
haploid
diploid
diploid
haploid
Jan 02,39
Use the following additional information to answer the next two questions
Insecticides have been used to control mosquito populations in order to prevent the spread of
malaria, but mosquitoes in malaria-infested areas are developing resistance to these insecticides.
In addition, the antimalarial drug chloroquine, once very effective in protecting individuals
against Plasmodium, has become ineffective, which ahs resulted in a resurgence of malaria.
Scientists have identified a gene, called cg2, in Plasmodium that allows the Plasmodium to
mount resistance to chloroquine. This research could be used by scientists to develop new
versions of chloroquine that will sidestep the parasite’s resistance and, therefore, efffectively
protect people against malaria.
- from Travis, 1997
33. Some investigators have suggested that some strains of Plasmodium have become chloroquineresistant because these strains have an increased ability to pump chloroquine from their bodies. Other
investigators suggest that the resistance stems from changes in some strains of Plasmodium that
prevent chloroquine from entering the parasites in the first place. These two suggestions can best be
described as
A.
B.
C.
D.
theories
hypotheses
conclusions
observations
Jan 02,40
34. A possible reason that the Plasmodium parasite may have resistance to chloroquine is that the cg2 gene
codes for protein that seems to play a role in membrane transport of the drug. If this true, researchers
may want to develop compounds that specifically block this resistance mechanism by
A.
B.
C.
D.
preventing mutation of the cg2 gene
stimulating translation of the cg2 gene
preventing transcription of the cg2 gene
stimulating DNA replication of the cg2 gene