Download Plant Science Unit 3 Review – Plant Genetics and Breeding 3.1

Plant Science
Unit 3 Review – Plant Genetics and Breeding
3.1 Define Terms
Match the following terms with their BEST definition listed below:
A. Cell
B. chromosome
C. crossbreeding
D. gene
E. genetics
F. genotype
G. phenotype
H. DNA
I. purebreeding
_____ 1. A unit of inheritance composed of DNA.
_____2. The basic unit of life.
_____3. Genetic composition of an animal.
_____4. Plant breeding practice used to achieve inbred lines.
_____5. The breeding of two different pure breeds.
_____6. The study of heredity.
_____7. The molecule that makes up the majority of chromosomal material.
_____8. the outward expression of a gene; likely affected by environmental conditions.
_____9. Plant structure in which genetic information is organized
Match the following terms with their BEST definition listed below:
A. heredity
B. reproduction
C. hybrid
D. plant breeding
E. selective breeding
F. hand pollination
G. genetic engineering
H. transgenic plant
_____ 10. The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
_____11. The manual transfer of pollen from the anthers of a flower to the stigma of another.
_____12. The process by which scientists select and move fairly specific sections of genetic material
from one organism to another.
_____13. A plant resulting from the cross of genetically different parents.
_____14. Plant whose genetic material has been altered through genetic engineering.
_____15. The process by which new organisms are derived, being sexually or asexually with plants.
_____16. Choosing plants for breeding based on their desired qualities or fitness.
_____17. The improvement of plants by selection, inbreeding, hybridization, and other procedures.
3.2 Discuss Mendel’s contributions to the study of genetics
18. Briefly explain how Gregor Mendel set up his experiment with pea plants.
19. Briefly explain what the principle of independent assortment states:
3.3 Identify the parts of and explain the functions of cells, chromosomes, and genes
20. Label each part of the cell below and then give a brief description of the function for that part.
C
A
D
B
E
G
F
Part
Name
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
21. Where are chromosomes found in the plant cell?
22. Briefly explain the function of the chromosome in the plant cell:
23. Briefly explain the function of genes in the plant cell:
Function
3.4 Differentiate between genotype and phenotype
24. Briefly explain what the term genotype refers to:
25. Briefly explain what the term phenotype refers to:
26. Between genotype and phenotype, which is more likely to be affected by environmental
conditions?
27. What does the principle of dominance state?
3.5 Compare pure breeding and crossbreeding with plants, including hybridization
28. Identify two advantages of pure breeding in plants:
29. Identify two advantages of crossbreeding in plants:
30. Briefly explain why hybrid varieties of plants are valued:
3.6 Identify factors to consider in selecting plants for breeding
31. Briefly explain the process of selective breeding.
32. Give an example of how selective breeding could be used for each of the following plant
characteristics:
A. Disease resistance:
B. Height:
C. Yield:
3.7 Describe plant breeding processes used with agricultural and horticultural crops
33. Give an example of how the process of hand pollination could be beneficial in plant breeding:
3.8 Discuss genetic engineering and its effect on plant agriculture
34. What is the basic concept behind genetic engineering with plants?
35. Identify at least two advantages to genetic engineering in plants:
36. Identify at least two disadvantages to genetic engineering in plants: