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3.3 Notes: Early Islam (p. 65) 1. What year did Muhammad die? How did Muhammad’s followers respond to his death? __________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What did Abu Bakr say after Muhammad’s death? What decision had to be made? __________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ THE FIRST CALIPH 3. What does the word “caliph” mean in Arabic. What is a caliph? How was the caliph a different kind of leader than Muhammad? __________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Who was chosen to be the first caliph? What were his actions as caliph? __________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ EARLY POLITICAL DIVISION 5. Explain what happened to the caliph in 656. ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Explain why some people decided to follow Ali. Explain why others chose to follow Muawiya. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Describe the conflict between Ali and Muawiya. Who finally became caliph, for how long? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.1 Notes: A Century of Expansion (p. 78) 1. Why did the people of Damascus help the Muslims when the city was invaded? According to al-Walid (cream-colored box), what things were the people of Damascus promised? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ EXPANSION UNDER UMAYYAD RULE Umayyad Changes 2. Describe the two changes that Muawiya, the Umayyad leader, made. __________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Westward Expansion 3. Who stopped the expansion of the Muslims into France? What was determined by the Battle of Tours? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ AN EMPIRE OF MANY PEOPLES Treatment of Non-Muslims 4. Why were Muslims usually tolerant of Christians and Jews in the lands they conquered? Describe the treatment and freedoms of Christians and Jews under the Umayyads. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ Government 5. Describe the government set up by Muawiya. Be sure to include an explanation of bureaucracy and emirs. _________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ UMAYYAD UNITY A Common Language, A Common Coinage, & Religious Architecture 6. Explain the three things that Abd al Malik did to create unity among the different people of the Umayyad Empire. a. _________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ b. _________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ c. _________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ THE UMAYYAD DOWNFALL 7. What negative effect did conversion to Islam have on the empire? __________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Describe what the Abbasid general Abdullah did to bring down the Umayyads. __________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Who was Abd al Rahman? Describe what happened to him. __________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ Left Side: Create a Venn Diagram, instructions to follow. BONUS Current Event: Locate an article from a newspaper, magazine, or internet source which relates to the topic of Sunnis and Shiites, or to Muslims or Islam in general. Glue the article under these questions in your notebook. Then write a paragraph summary explaining the pertinent facts of the article and how it connects to the topics we are studying. Be sure to edit your writing for spelling and grammatical errors.