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Download Horticulture I- Unit B 3.00 Plant Physiology
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Unit B- Plant Physiology 3.00 Summarize Plant Anatomy 3.01: Discuss biological terms used to describe plants Plant Sciences •_________________________________-the branch of science that deals with both plant and animal organisms and life processes –____________________________-the part of biology that deals with animals –____________________________-the part of biology that deals with plants •Applied plant sciences are based on the purposes for which the plants are grown –_________________________________ –_________________________________ –_________________________________ Agronomy The science and practice of growing ___________________________ ________________________________________________________ Forestry The science and practice of __________________________________ _______________________ for building materials and other products. Horticulture The science and practice of growing, processing and marketing ________________________________________________________ Life Cycles of Plants •__________________________________-a plant that completes its life cycle in one year •__________________________________-a plant that completes its life cycle in two years •__________________________________-a plant that lives more than two years 1 Leaf Retention •__________________________________-loses leaves during the dormant season •__________________________________-keeps leaves and remains green yearround Plant Hormones •Several types of hormones are used to help plants work more efficiently. –Inhibitors –cytokinins –gibberellias –auxins Inhibitors •Inhibitors hasten fruit ripening, retain seed germination and stem elongation. Cytokinins •Hormones that work with auxins to stimulate cell division. Gibberellias •Hormones that stimulate cell elongation, premature flowering, and breaking of dormancy. Auxins •Hormones that speed plant growth by stimulating cell enlargement Moisture in Plants •__________________________________-plant is swollen or filled with moisture •__________________________________-plant is limp because it does not have enough moisture Plant Growth Dormant- 2 Season Crops Cool Season Plants ____________________________________________________ Example- ____________________________ Warm Season __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Examples__________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ 3.02: Discuss the anatomy and functions of plants. Leaves-External •__________________________________-leaf stalk or part that connects the leaf to the stem •__________________________________-the large, flat part of the leaf •__________________________________-the large center vein •__________________________________-the structural framework of the leaf •__________________________________-the edge of the leaf •__________-Leaf tip 3 Leaves-Internal •______________________________________________________-skin of the leaf that prevents the loss of too much moisture •____________________________________-small openings under the leaf for breathing or transpiration •____________________________________-open and close stomates •____________________________________-small green particles that contain chlorophyll –gives leaves their _____________________________________ –necessary for ________________________________________ Functions of the leaf Photosynthesis_______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Respiration__________________________________________________________ Transpiration is the release of water vapor from the leaves of plants. It also cools the plant. Leaves Additional ___________________ describes leaves without a petiole (example zinnia). ___________________ are modified leaves (example poinsettia). 4 Needles and scales are modified leaves (example _________________) Glabrous leaves or stems have a smooth non-hairy feel (example southern magnolia). _____________________ leaves or stems have a hairy feel (example African violet). Stems-External •_______________________________-breathing pores •_______________________________-show where terminal buds have been located •_______________________________-show where leaves were attached •_______________________________-bud on the end of a stem •_________________________________________-bud on side of stem Stems-Internal •________________________-tissue that transports water and nutrients __________ from the roots to stems and leaves •________________________-tissue that transports food ____________ from leaves to roots •________________________-thin, green, actively growing tissue located between bark and wood and produces all new stem cells •________________________-old inactive phloem •________________________-old inactive xylem •________________________-new active xylem 5 •_________________________-plant stems have vascular bundles that contain both xylem and phloem in each bundle –examples: ___________________________________________ •_________________________-plant stems have the phloem layer and xylem layer separated by cambium –example: ____________________________________________ Roots-External •_______________________________-indicates growth of new cells •_______________________________-absorb moisture (water) and minerals Roots-Internal 6 •Much like stems in that they have a _____________________________ ___________________________________________________________ •Phloem-the outer layer that carries food down the root •Xylem-the inner layer that carries water and minerals up to the stem Layers of Roots •_______________________________-many branched shallow roots –____________________________________________________ •_______________________________-long root with few branched ones –____________________________________________________ Flowers •_____________________-Green parts that cover and protect flower bud before it opens •_____________________-are really leaves that are modified to attract insects for flower pollination, the pretty part that we call flowers •_____________________-male part of the flower 7 •_____________________-female part of the flower Parts of the Stamen •______________________-short stalk that holds up the anther •______________________-a sac-like structure that contains pollen, the male sex cells Parts of the Pistil •______________________-the eggs or female sex cells that become seeds if fertilized •______________________-if fertilized becomes a fruit or seed coat •______________________-holds up the stigma and connects it to the ovary •______________________-sticky part on top of style where insects leave pollen Complete-vs-Incomplete •_________________________ flowers have both male and female parts •_________________________ flowers have only male or female parts What are the functions of these plant parts? Functions of Leaves •____________________________________-manufactures food in green plants which is the beginning of the food chain for all living things •Photosynthesis is the process by which __________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 8 Functions of Stems •_______________________________-moves water and minerals from roots up to the leaves and move food from the leaves down to the roots •Supports __________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Functions of Roots •_______________________________-take water and nutrients from the soil and conduct them to the stem •___________________________________________ and hold it upright •_______________________________________________ for plant use •_____________________________________________ in some plants Functions of Flowers •Produce ___________________________ used for sexual reproduction •Attract insects for pollination (Pollination is _______________________ __________________________________________________________) •Produce fruit to _____________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 3.03: Discuss floriculture and landscape plants Taxonomy -__________________________________________________________ -Scientific names are used because ______________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Karl von Linne -______________________________ that developed the ___________ ________________ of naming plants using two Latin words to indicate the _____________________________________. -Linne changed his name to the Latin name ________________________ Scientific Names 9 -____________________ is the language used for scientific classification. -The first word is the ______________ and the second word is the __________________. If there are additional words, they indicate a ______________________________________. Genus vs. Species -Plants in the same genus have _________________________________ ___________________________________. -Plants in the same species consistently produce plants of the same type. Scientific Classification -The broadest category of scientific classification is the _______________ ___________________________________________ -The broadest category in the plant kingdom is _____________________ __________________________________ Divisions -The four most important divisions of the plant kingdom are: _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ -Spermatophytes Contains ________________________________________ Two subdivisions are:______________________________ ________________________________________________ Common Plant Genus -Pinus-______________________ -Acer-_______________________ -Ilex-________________________ -Ficus-______________________ -Cornus-_____________________ -Rhododendron-__________________________ -Quercus-____________________ 10