Download Horticulture I- Unit B 3.00 Plant Physiology

Unit B- Plant Physiology
3.00 Summarize Plant Anatomy
3.01: Discuss biological terms used to describe plants
Plant Sciences
•_________________________________-the branch of science that deals with both
plant and animal organisms and life processes
–____________________________-the part of biology that deals with animals
–____________________________-the part of biology that deals with plants
•Applied plant sciences are based on the purposes for which the plants are grown
–_________________________________
–_________________________________
–_________________________________
Agronomy

The science and practice of growing ___________________________
________________________________________________________
Forestry

The science and practice of __________________________________
_______________________ for building materials and other products.
Horticulture

The science and practice of growing, processing and marketing
________________________________________________________
Life Cycles of Plants
•__________________________________-a plant that completes its life cycle in one
year
•__________________________________-a plant that completes its life cycle in two
years
•__________________________________-a plant that lives more than two years
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Leaf Retention
•__________________________________-loses leaves during the dormant season
•__________________________________-keeps leaves and remains green yearround
Plant Hormones
•Several types of hormones are used to help plants work more efficiently.
–Inhibitors
–cytokinins
–gibberellias
–auxins
Inhibitors
•Inhibitors hasten fruit ripening, retain seed germination and stem elongation.
Cytokinins
•Hormones that work with auxins to stimulate cell division.
Gibberellias
•Hormones that stimulate cell elongation, premature flowering, and breaking of
dormancy.
Auxins
•Hormones that speed plant growth by stimulating cell enlargement
Moisture in Plants
•__________________________________-plant is swollen or filled with moisture
•__________________________________-plant is limp because it does not have
enough moisture
Plant Growth
Dormant-
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Season Crops
Cool Season
Plants ____________________________________________________
Example- ____________________________
Warm Season
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Examples__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
3.02: Discuss the anatomy and functions of plants.
Leaves-External
•__________________________________-leaf stalk or part that connects the leaf to
the stem
•__________________________________-the large, flat part of the leaf
•__________________________________-the large center vein
•__________________________________-the structural framework of the leaf
•__________________________________-the edge of the leaf
•__________-Leaf tip
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Leaves-Internal
•______________________________________________________-skin of the leaf
that prevents the loss of too much moisture
•____________________________________-small openings under the leaf for
breathing or transpiration
•____________________________________-open and close stomates
•____________________________________-small green particles that contain
chlorophyll
–gives leaves their _____________________________________
–necessary for ________________________________________
Functions of the leaf

Photosynthesis_______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Respiration__________________________________________________________

Transpiration is the release of water vapor from the leaves of plants. It also cools the
plant.
Leaves Additional

___________________ describes leaves without a petiole (example zinnia).

___________________ are modified leaves (example poinsettia).
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
Needles and scales are modified leaves (example _________________)


Glabrous leaves or stems have a smooth non-hairy feel (example southern
magnolia).

_____________________ leaves or stems have a hairy feel (example African violet).
Stems-External
•_______________________________-breathing pores
•_______________________________-show where terminal buds have been located
•_______________________________-show where leaves were attached
•_______________________________-bud on the end of a stem
•_________________________________________-bud on side of stem
Stems-Internal
•________________________-tissue that transports water and nutrients __________
from the roots to stems and leaves
•________________________-tissue that transports food ____________ from leaves to
roots
•________________________-thin, green, actively growing tissue located between
bark and wood and produces all new stem cells
•________________________-old inactive phloem
•________________________-old inactive xylem
•________________________-new active xylem
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•_________________________-plant stems have vascular bundles that contain both
xylem and phloem in each bundle
–examples:
___________________________________________
•_________________________-plant stems have the phloem layer and xylem layer
separated by cambium
–example:
____________________________________________
Roots-External
•_______________________________-indicates growth of new cells
•_______________________________-absorb moisture (water) and minerals
Roots-Internal
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•Much like stems in that they have a _____________________________
___________________________________________________________
•Phloem-the outer layer that carries food down the root
•Xylem-the inner layer that carries water and minerals up to the stem
Layers of Roots
•_______________________________-many branched shallow roots
–____________________________________________________
•_______________________________-long root with few branched ones
–____________________________________________________
Flowers
•_____________________-Green parts that cover and protect flower bud before it
opens
•_____________________-are really leaves that are modified to attract insects for
flower pollination, the pretty part that we call flowers
•_____________________-male part of the flower
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•_____________________-female part of the flower
Parts of the Stamen
•______________________-short stalk that holds up the anther
•______________________-a sac-like structure that contains pollen,
the male sex
cells
Parts of the Pistil
•______________________-the eggs or female sex cells that
become seeds if
fertilized
•______________________-if fertilized becomes a fruit or seed coat
•______________________-holds up the stigma and connects it to the ovary
•______________________-sticky part on top of style where insects leave pollen
Complete-vs-Incomplete
•_________________________ flowers have both male and female parts
•_________________________ flowers have only male or female parts
What are the functions of these plant parts?
Functions of Leaves
•____________________________________-manufactures food in green plants which
is the beginning of the food chain for all living things
•Photosynthesis is the process by which __________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
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Functions of Stems
•_______________________________-moves water and minerals from roots up to the
leaves and move food from the leaves down to the roots
•Supports __________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Functions of Roots
•_______________________________-take water and nutrients from the soil and
conduct them to the stem
•___________________________________________ and hold it upright
•_______________________________________________ for plant use
•_____________________________________________ in some plants
Functions of Flowers
•Produce ___________________________ used for sexual reproduction
•Attract insects for pollination (Pollination is _______________________
__________________________________________________________)
•Produce fruit to _____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3.03: Discuss floriculture and landscape plants
Taxonomy
-__________________________________________________________
-Scientific names are used because ______________________________
___________________________________________________________
Karl von Linne
-______________________________ that developed the ___________
________________ of naming plants using two Latin words to indicate the
_____________________________________.
-Linne changed his name to the Latin name ________________________
Scientific Names
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-____________________ is the language used for scientific classification.
-The first word is the ______________ and the second word is the
__________________. If there are additional words, they indicate a
______________________________________.
Genus vs. Species
-Plants in the same genus have _________________________________
___________________________________.
-Plants in the same species consistently produce plants of the same type.
Scientific Classification
-The broadest category of scientific classification is the _______________
___________________________________________
-The broadest category in the plant kingdom is _____________________
__________________________________
Divisions
-The four most important divisions of the plant kingdom are:

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________
-Spermatophytes

Contains ________________________________________

Two subdivisions are:______________________________
________________________________________________
Common Plant Genus
-Pinus-______________________
-Acer-_______________________
-Ilex-________________________
-Ficus-______________________
-Cornus-_____________________
-Rhododendron-__________________________
-Quercus-____________________
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