Download Lesson 1: What is Motion

Name: _____________________ Date: 11/3/16 Test Date: 11/11/16
Science Notes: Unit 4: Chapter 6
Living Organisms
Lesson 2: How do plants reproduce? (p. 184- 191)
VOCABULARY
sepals- leaflike parts that cover and protect the flower bud
pistil- a female structure in plants that produces egg cells
stamen- the male structure in plants that makes pollen
pollination- the movement of pollen from stamen to pistol
fertilization- the process in which a sperm cell and an egg cell combine
germinate- to start to grow
NOTES
 An important function of plants is to reproduce, or make more of the
same kind of plant.
Parts of a Flower
 Most flowers have 4 main parts, which are different shapes and sizes
on different flowers.
o Petals can be easily seen.
 They are often colorful.
 They protect the parts of the flower that make seeds.
 They attract bees, butterflies, birds, and other living
things.
o Sepals are the wide green leaves below the petals.
 They cover and protect the flower bud before the flower
opens.
o Pistils are the female part of the flower.
 It contains the ovary, where egg cells are produced.
o Stamens are the male part of the flower.
 It surrounds the pistil and produces pollen, which
contains sperm cells.
Fertilization occurs when sperm cells in pollen combine with egg cells to
make seeds.
Where do seeds come from?
Seeds come from egg cells produced in the ovary that combine with pollen.
Name: _____________________ Date: 11/3/16 Test Date: 11/11/16
Science Notes: Unit 4: Chapter 6
Living Organisms
Describe how the pistil, ovary, and egg cells in a flower relate.
The ovary is at the base of the pistil. The ovary contains the egg cells.
Pollen on the Move
 Flowers make a sweet liquid called nectar.
 Scent and color guide animals (bats, bees, butterflies, birds) to the
flower.
 As an animal feeds, pollen from the stamen rubs off onto its body.
 The pollen may then rub off onto the pistil of the next flower the
animal visits.
 The movement of pollen from stamen to pistil is called pollination.
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 Most trees and grasses rely on wind for pollination.
o These plants do not attract animals.
o The wind will carry a few pollen grains to the pistil of another
plant.
Why do some animals play an important role in plant reproduction?
Some animals carry pollen from the stamen to the pistil, where fertilization
takes place.
A flower changes after fertilization.
o The petals and stamens dry up and fall off.
o The fertilized egg inside the ovary develops into a seed.
o The ovary grows into a fruit, which protects the seed or seeds.
o The seeds are ready to grow into new plants when the fruit is
ripe.
Which red-delicious apple has seeds that are ready to grow into plants- one
that is green or one that is bright red? Explain.
The apple that is red has seeds that are ready to grow because it is ripe.
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Name: _____________________ Date: 11/3/16 Test Date: 11/11/16
Science Notes: Unit 4: Chapter 6
Living Organisms
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Seeds on the Move
Plants have adaptations that help them scatter their seeds.
o Some seeds spread with the wind.
o Some can float.
o Some have tiny hooks that stick to animal’s fur or a person’s
clothes.
o Some animals bury nuts and seeds, which later grow.
A seed that falls to the ground contains a small, young plant.
Each seed needs water, oxygen, and the right temperature to
germinate, or start to grow.
o Food stored in the seed gives the young plant energy.
Some plants grow from stems, roots, or leaves.
o A bulb is a type of underground stem that stores food.
o Some plants, such as strawberries, have stems called runners.
 New plants grow along the runners.
o Many grasses grow new plants from underground roots.
o Other plants reproduce from budding.
You might have seen seeds in a seed packet. Why have they not started to
grow?
The seeds in the seed packet have not started to grow because they need
water, oxygen, and the right temperature.
**Test will consist of material from notes, textbook, and questions from
handouts completed in class.**