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Genetics Test Review. NAME_________________________PER_______ 1. Name two scientists and role in the discovery of DNA. Draw a short sequence of DNA. Be sure to include- nitrogen base, sugar, phosphate, Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine. 2. How is DNA replicated? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ What part of the cell cycle does this occur in?______________________ How many copies of DNA are made?______ Are they exactly the same?____________ 3. What is a mutation?____________________________________________________________ _____ 4. What are two similarities between mitosis and meiosis? _________________________________________________________________________ Fill in 4 differences MITOSIS 1. type of cell ____________ 2. # of cells produced ____________ 3. chromosome # ____________ 4. genetic makeup ____________ 5. What are the three types of RNA and what are they used for? MEIOSIS ___________ ____________ ____________ _____________ 6. List and Describe the two steps of Protein Synthesis? 7. What are the monomers of a protein called? 8. What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?____________________________________________________ Mark Ho or He AB_____ aa______ AA_____ Zz______ ff_____ TU___ TT____ 9. What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?________________________________________________________ 10. Define dominant and recessive. Give an example of each. _________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 11. Mark a “ph” for phenotype, and “gen” for genotype. Brown hair_____ Aa_____ green eyes_____ light blue skin____ AB_____ ii_____ nose____ Zz______ aA___ BbCCDdEe____ tall______ cleft chin_____ widow’s peak____ Ss_____ long 12. Billy Bob Bankston is homozygous for curly hair and marries Hollee Jo who is heterozygous for curly hair. Curly hair is a dominant trait. What are their genotypes? Billy Bob _____ Hollee Jo______ Billy Bob and Hollee Jo and planning to have children. Make a Punnett Square to show their possible offspring. What are the possible genotypes? __________________________ What are the possible phenotypes?__________________________ What percentage of the offspring will have curly hair?_________Straight hair?_________ 13. Yuppie Smith and Snobby Sue are planning to have a baby. The need to be sure they have a good chance of having a child with long, luxurious eyelashes. They want their children to all become models, so they can sit back and enjoy a leisure life. Long eyelashes is a recessive trait(n=long eyelashes, N=normal eyelashes). Snobby Sue is homozygous for long eyelashes, while Yuppie is heterozygous. What are their genotypes? Yuppie______ Snobby Sue______ Make a Punnett Square to determine their chance of having children with long, luxurious eyelashes. What are the possible genotypes for the children?___________________________ What are the possible phenotypes?_______________________________________ What percentage of their offspring will have long eyelashes?_________ Normal eyelashes?_______ If you were the Smith’s, would you have a good chance of never working again? Why or why not?_ Patterns of Inheritance ( Ch.11-2) 14. Define the following patterns of Inheritance and give an example of each. Incomplete Dominance Sex-Linked Multiple Alleles Polygenic Traits Codominance Epistasis Problem #1 In pea plants, yellow peas are dominant over green peas. Use a Punnett square to predict the phenotypic and genotypic outcome (offspring) of a cross between a plant heterozygous/hybrid for yellow (Yy) peas and a plant homozygous/purebred for green (yy) peas. Problem #2 - In pea plants, yellow peas are dominant over green peas. Use a Punnett square to predict the phenotypic and genotypic outcome (offspring) of a cross between two plants heterozygous for yellow peas. Problem #3 - In pea plants, round peas are dominant over wrinkled peas. Use a Punnett square to predict the phenotypic and genotypic outcome (offspring) of a cross between a plant homozygous for round peas (RR) and a plant homozygous for wrinkled peas (rr). Problem #4 - In pea plants, round peas are dominant over wrinkled peas. Use a Punnett square to predict the phenotypic and genotypic outcome (offspring) of a cross between two plants heterozygous for round peas. Problem #5- In humans, the genes for colorblindness and hemophilia are both located on the X chromosome with no corresponding gene on the Y. These are both recessive alleles. If a man and a woman, both with normal vision, marry and have a colorblind son, draw the Punnett square that illustrates this. If the man dies and the woman remarries to a colorblind man, draw a Punnett square showing the type(s) of children could be expected from her second marriage. How many/what percentage of each could be expected?