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Answer Key
Interactive Reader and Study Guide
3. They fought about who would be the next
caliph and objected to the creation of a
powerful, privileged leading class.
4. Students should circle “Mongols” and
write “China and Central Asia.”
Chapter 9: Muslim
Civilization
CHAPTER SUMMARY
1. the Qu’ran
2. Muslim traders spread Islam as they
moved along the trade routes, allowing the
religion to spread quickly to a large area.
3. Islam, Judaism, and Christianity share the
characteristics of monotheism and being
major world religions.
SECTION 3
Taking Notes
Society: Islam affects nearly every aspect of
daily life; the man is the head of the family; all
of his wives are to be treated equally; women
described in the Qur’an as “equal to men
before Allah” but still had rules men did not
have to follow; slavery allowed; trade
important
Arts: no human or animal figures in religious
works; development of calligraphy; distinct
architectural features such as minarets and
domes on mosques; many classic literary
works, including stories and poems
Scholarship: scholarship very important; great
works translated into Arabic; advances made
in astronomy, medicine, geography, history
SECTION 1
Taking Notes
Muhammad is visited by an angel from Allah;
proclaims himself Allah’s prophet;
Muhammad and his followers move to Yathrib
(later Medina); Islam grows; Muslims
overtake Mecca; Qur’an written down by
Muhammad’s followers; development of Five
Pillars of Islam, the Sunna, and Sharia
Section Summary
1. Muhammad’s first visit by the angel
occurred around 610. He was born in
about 570. 610 – 570 = 40 years
2. Because Muhammad criticized Meccans’
traditional belief in many gods and
goddesses and idol worship.
3. Five Pillars of Islam
4. Sharia is a legal system.
Section Summary
1. the family
2. Islam requires its followers to examine the
world and seek evidence of Allah in its
wonders.
3. astronomy, medical science, mathematics,
philosophy, history, and geography
4. Students should underline “none of the
religious works contain human or animal
figures.” Muslims believe that portraying
animals or humans could tempt people to
worship those images instead of Allah
alone, which would be a terrible sin.
SECTION 2
Taking Notes
Abu Bakr reunifies Arabia and spreads
caliphate; Umayyad dynasty conquers area
from China to Spain; Abbasids relocate capital
to Baghdad; Muslim traders take Islam to
West Africa and Southeast Asia
Chapter 10: African
Kingdoms
Section Summary
CHAPTER SUMMARY
1. Students should underline “The tension
dated back to when Abu Bakr was chosen
as caliph; some leaders had supported
Muhammad’s cousin Ali instead.”
2. Sufis
1. Iron tools enabled early African farmers to
clear more land for farming. This gave
people the opportunity to move to new
areas and grow more food, which led to an
increase in the population.
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242
Teacher Management System
Answer Key
Muslim Civilization
5. a
6. a
7. b
8. b
Vocabulary Builder
SECTION 1
1. During a spiritual retreat, Muhammed
explained that an angel commanded
Muhammad to speak messages from
Allah. After more visits, Muhammad
concluded that Allah had chosen him to be
his prophet.
2. Muslims are followers of Islam, and the
Qur’an is the sacred text of Islam.
3. The Five Pillars of Islam include
profession of faith, daily prayers, giving of
alms, fasting during Ramadan, and
traveling to Mecca, if physically and
financially possible.
4. “achieving peace through submission to
God,” Muslim faith, followers grew
rapidly
5. building, place where Muslims worship,
pilgrims pray there at Mecca
6. acts of worship, profession of faith, daily
prayers
7. Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to
Medina, hijra, first year of the Islamic
calendar
8. nomadic Arab peoples, small bands,
moved herds between scattered oases
Biography
Ibn Muqlah
1. He helped standardize an Islamic
calligraphy script during a time when
many scripts were used and no standards
existed.
2. Possible response: Consistent and legible
writing would be important, and people
who made books would be held in esteem
and compensated well for their work.
ACTIVITY
Answers will vary but students might note that
Islamic calligraphy should be considered an
art form because it requires great skill,
training, and time.
Razia
1. Razia did not discriminate based on
religion or racial background, and she
valued other traditions besides Islam in
education.
2. Razia appointed an African slave as her
personal attendant.
SECTION 2
Answers will vary but should include
definitions of six of the following terms: Abu
Bakr, caliph, caliphate, Shia, Sunnis,
Umayyad, Abbasid, Harun al-Rashid, Sufis.
ACTIVITY
Letters will vary but should explain and
defend Razia’s actions to the Council of Forty.
al-Razi
1. F; Shia
2. F; Sunnis
3. Islamic group whose members seek a
mystical, personal connection with God
4. clan of Mecca
5. family who wiped out almost all of the
Umayyad family
6. successor
1. Some of al-Razi’s contributions include
texts used in medical training and practice,
stress on diet and bedside manner for
physicians, and changing the practice of
alchemy into the science of chemistry.
2. Possible responses: curious; intelligent;
compassionate; considerate
SECTION 3
ACTIVITY
Charts should summarize al-Razi’s most
important works.
1. calligraphy
2. astrolabe
3. Ibn Khaldun
4. d
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Full Survey Chapter 9
21
Muslim Civilization
Answer Key
Muslim Civilization
Literature
History and Geography
The Wonderful Bag
Trade Along the Arabian
Peninsula
1. Ali and the Kurd argue over ownership of
a bag. They take their dispute to a judge
for settlement. In the end, Ali gives up his
claim to ownership.
2. Responses will vary. Students may say
that Ali prefers the richness of imagination
to the paltriness of reality.
1. Students will label Arabia.
2. Students will highlight the desert interior
of Arabia, including the Syrian Desert,
Nafud Desert, and Rub’ al-Khali.
3. Students will highlight the water areas
surrounding the three sides of the Arabian
Peninsula.
4. Students will trace the course of the major
sea trade route.
5. Students will circle the location of Mecca.
6. The deserts located in the interior of
Arabia would have made land trade routes
difficult.
7. The Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea,
and Indian Ocean surround the Arabian
Peninsula.
8. Trade moved south to southeast through
the Red Sea.
9. Glass and incense were traded at Aden.
10. Porcelain, spices, beads, sugar, and
textiles were brought back from India.
Primary Source
The Muslim Conquest of Spain
1. According to Tarik, his soldiers’ military
advantages were their courage and
constancy, the fear their enemies had of
them, Roderick’s decision to leave his
fortified city to face them on the
battlefield, and the lack of direction that
would prevail among the enemy troops if
Roderick should fall. Tarik also describes
a sense of desperation among the Arab
troops that would drive them in the
coming battle.
2. Tarik promises to personally lead his
troops into battle, so that he will face the
same danger that they will face. He
assures them that their fates are linked.
Tarik also vows to seek out the enemy
leader to challenge him in combat. Tarik
likely made these promises to inspire his
soldiers and to give them a sense that they
are following a strong, brave leader.
3. Possible response: That passage reveals
that religion was a driving force among
Muslim soldiers in the eighth century.
Tarik, after glorifying God, motivates his
soldiers by explaining that the primary
purpose of their military campaign is to
spread the one true faith into a new land.
EXTENSION ACTIVITY
Students should locate and label the location
of Baghdad on the map. Students’ paragraphs
will vary, but should note that Baghdad’s close
proximity to the Persian Gulf would have
encouraged the expansion of trade.
Social Studies Skills
Analyzing Alternative Points of
View
1. There are mainly two perceptions of the
religion of Islam.
2. Possible response: A second meaning of
Islam is “submission.”
3. Answers will vary. Some people in the
western parts of the world understand
Islam as a religion of war, terrorism, chaos
and disorder, while many people in the
world understand it as a religion of peace.
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Full Survey Chapter 9
22
Muslim Civilization
Answer Key
Muslim Civilization
Writing About History
Comparing Architecture Across
Cultures
Student paragraphs should be evaluated using
the criteria covered in the “Evaluating and
Proofreading” section of the activity.
Chapter Review
1. Muhammad
2. Qur’an
3. bedouins
4. Rumi
5. caliph
6. jihad
7. Shia
8. Sufis
9. Ibn Sina, or Avicenna
10. Mecca
11. b is false
12. a is false
13. a is false
14. b is false
15. b is false
16. arts and ideas
17. science and technology
18. belief systems
19. government and citizenship
20. economic systems
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Full Survey Chapter 9
23
Muslim Civilization
Answer Key
Test Preparation
20. Essay should describe the walled city, the
lavish palace with walls covered in gold
and silver, the busy markets with exotic
goods, the many foreigners, and the way
the Mongols adopted some Chinese
practices, yet lived apart from the Chinese.
Chapter 9: Muslim
Civilization
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. C
7. A
8. A
9. C
10. B
11. A
12. D
13. B
14. B
15. D
16. C
17. B
Chapter 12: Kingdoms
and Christianity
1. B
2. B
3. D
4. D
5. C
6. A
7. D
8. B
18. The letter should mention that under the
Abbasids Baghdad became the capital of
the empire. Abbasid rulers supported
scholarship that pushed art and culture to
great heights.
16. Encyclopedia entry should mention that
Yaroslav the Wise was leader of Kievan
Rus at the height of its power and prestige.
He became grand prince in 1019 and ruled
until 1054. He made many improvements
to Kievan Rus including hiring scribes to
translate religious books into the Slavic
language, starting a building program, and
codifying Russian law. Although his
military record was mixed he did maintain
good diplomatic and trade relationships
with European countries.
Chapter 10: African
Kingdoms
1. D
2. B
3. D
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. C
8. A
9. A
10. B
11. B
12. B
13. C
14. C
15. A
16. D
17. D
18. B
Chapter 13: The Early
Middle Ages
19. Essay should describe the various
geographical features of Africa, including
plains, plateaus, mountains, coasts, rain
forests, and deserts.
1. C
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. C
7. A
8. D
9. B
Chapter 11: Cultures of
East Asia
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. C
8. A
9. B
10. A
9. D
10. C
11. B
12. D
13. A
14. D
15. D
11. A
12. B
13. D
14. D
15. B
16. C
17. A
18. C
19. D
10. A
11. A
12. C
13. B
14. B
15. D
16. C
17. A
18. B
19. Essay should persuade the reader to agree
with the statement by supporting it with
examples of Charlemagne’s leadership in
education, law, and government. Students
should mention his influence in Europe.
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298
Teacher Management System
Answer Key
and math. They were among the first people to
use the concept of zero. Their writing
consisted of glyphs. Written records were
kept in bark-paper books. A lack of prime
agricultural land forced Aztec farmers to
seek new ways of raising crops. They
created floating gardens and used canals to
ship their crops. Poor farmers made up
most of Aztec society. However, in Aztec
civilization, farmers could move up in
class by becoming warriors or studying at
special schools.Priests and warriors were
members of the Aztec. The Aztec Empire
was based on trade and tribute. Like the
Maya, the Aztec used glyphs and
developed accurate calendars.
4. Ashoka of the Maurya Empire converted
to Buddhism after a bloody military
campaign. After converting, Ashoka
sought to improve the lives of his people.
He had wells dug and roads built. He
worked to spread Buddhist teachings,
encouraging his people to adopt right
conduct, nonviolence, and tolerance.
Hinduism flourished under the Guptas.
They created beautiful temples, literature
and art. As taught by the Brahmins,
Hinduism maintained caste and gender
roles in Indian society.
5. The map illustrates how the Silk Roads
and other trade routes connected India,
China, Southeast Asia, Africa and Europe.
Traders carried goods, but also ideas. For
example. Buddhism and Hinduism were
carried from India by traders. HinduArabic numerals may have also been
diffused via the Silk Roads or other trade
routes.
4. T
5. F; The record of Muhammad’s behavior
and teachings is known as the Sunna.
SECTION 2
1. d
2. d
3. a
4. c
5. b
6. d
7. b
8. c
9. a
10. d
SECTION 3
1. c
2. f
3. h
4. m
5. i
6. a
7. g
8. l
9. d
10. j
Chapter Test, Form A
1. b
2. b
3. d
4. b
5. d
6. c
7. a
8. c
9. b
10. f
11. i
12. e
13. b
14. c
15. j
16. g
17. d
18. Qur’an
19. Muslims
20. Sunna
21. Shia
22. Abbasids
23. calligraphy
24. minarets
25. Omar Khayyam
Chapter Test, Form B
Possible responses:
1. Many Meccans were angered by
Muhammad’s criticism of their traditional
beliefs in many gods. He told them their
worship of idols was sinful. Meccans
involved in the pilgrimage trade were
worried that Muhammad’s preaching
would disrupt their business. For a time
Muhammad was protected by his uncle
Abu Talib, but when his uncle died he
realized that he and his followers were not
safe in Mecca.
2. The Five Pillars of Islam are basic acts of
worship that are central to Islam and that
Chapter 9: Muslim
Civilization
Section Quiz
SECTION 1
1. T
2. T
3. F; Some Meccans were angered by his
criticism of their traditional beliefs.
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370
Progress Assessment
Answer Key
Section Quiz
Muhammad himself fulfilled. Muslims are
required to fulfill the Five Pillars of Islam.
The first pillar is the profession of faith.
The second pillar is the performance of
five daily prayers. Worshippers always
face Mecca to pray. The third pillar is the
giving of charity for the poor and needy.
The fourth pillar is fasting from dawn to
dusk during the month of Ramadan. The
fifth pillar is undertaking a journey to
Mecca, or the hajj.
3. In general, Muslims allowed considerable
religious freedom. Christians and Jews
were allowed to practice their religion.
However non-Muslims had to pay taxes
and had some restrictions on their lives.
4. A man was the head of the family. Men
could marry several wives, but were
supposed to treat them all equally. Islamic
law protected the rights of women and
children. According to the Qur’an women
are equal to men before Allah. In early
Muslim communities women played key
roles. Under the Abbasid dynasty women
lost status.
5. Learning and scholarship in Muslim
civilization were highly valued. Muslim
scholars translated many ancient texts into
Arabic. Scholars studied astronomy and
improved the astrolabe. Muslim thinkers
developed algebra and trigonometry.
Medicine was highly developed in the
Muslim world. Doctors had to pass
rigorous tests. Because of the importance
of Mecca, geographers wrote travel guides
describing the journey to Mecca. Other
contributions include history, music, logic,
and philosophy.
6. Between 662 and 750 Islam spread west
across northern Africa and into Spain, and
east into parts of India and Asia, including
the cities of Kabul and Samarqand.
7. Islamic lands touch the continents of
Africa, Europe, and Asia.
SECTION 1
1. three
2. Sahara
3. Sahel
4. savanna
5. parasites
6. pastoralism
7. age-sets
8. griots
9. Iron
10. Bantu
SECTION 2
1. i
2. a
3. m
4. b
5. k
6. d
7. g
8. f
9. h
10. j
SECTION 3
1. T
2. T
3. T
4. F; By the 1460s the rulers of Songhai had
become strong and rich enough to take
control of the former empire of Mali.
5. F; Askia Muhammad was a strong leader
who is credited with being the first
Muslim ruler of Songhai.
Chapter Test, Form A
1. b
2. b
3. d
4. c
5. a
6. b
7. d
8. C
9. Sahara
10. savanna
11. age-sets
12. Nok
13. Ge’ez
14. Solomonid
15. camels
16. Sundiata
17. Askia Muhammad
18. T
19. F
20. F
21. F
22. T
23. T
24. F
25. T
Chapter Test, Form B
Possible responses:
1. Tropical rain forests lie near the equator
and on Madagascar, an island off the
southeast coast. The hot and humid
climate supports a broad range of plant
Chapter 10: African
Kingdoms
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371
Progress Assessment