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Ch 14.1 THE HOPES OF IMMIGRANTS
Why People Migrated?
People who leave a country are emigrants.
People living in a new country are immigrants.
During the mid 1800s people from Britain, Ireland, Germany, Sweden,
Denmark, Norway and China left their countries due to:
1. overcrowded population
2. agricultural changes (people forced off land)
3. crop failures (poor harvest = hunger & no $)
4. industrial revolution (put people out of work)
5. religious and political persecution
They migrated to the U.S. to gain:
1. religious freedom
2. economic opportunities to support families
3. abundant land to own and farm
Some native-born Americans didn’t want immigrants to move to the U.S.
(called Nativists). They committed acts of discrimination & formed the
Know-Nothing political party
No Irish
No Catholics
No immigrants running for political office
Ch 14.2 AMERICAN LITERATURE & ART
Writers
Created a new, American style of writing
Noah Webster published dictionary (1828) with American, not
British spellings and American slang
Edgar Allan Poe created Horror & Mystery genres
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Artists
Took European styles into new directions
New Philosophies
transcendentalism (spiritual world more important than physical
world)
civil disobedience (peaceful disobey laws)
Ch 14.3 REFORMING AMERICAN SOCIETY
Second Great Awakening (early 1800s)
renewal of religious faith
traveling preachers lead revivals
Temperance Movement
Campaign to stop drinking alcohol
Workers’ Rights
Labor Union: group of workers who band together to seek better
working conditions
Strike: stopping work to demand better conditions
Education
Horace Mann led creation of public schools
o Started in New England and northern states
o First available to boys only-not girls or African Americans
Care for Needy
People organized to serve mentally ill and prisoners
Printed Information
Penny papers: serious news
Magazines: general social education
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Ch 14.4 ABOLITION & WOMEN’S RIGHTS
Abolition: movement to end slavery
Northern states outlawed slavery ((1804)
Congress banned importation of African slaves (1807)
Several famous abolitionists (black, white, men, women, former
slaves) fought to end slavery through:
speeches, pamphlets, newspapers, petitions, rebellions
(dangerous & violent)
John Quincy Adams introduced amendment to abolish slavery
Proslavery folks looked like they were against free speech
Slavery not fully abolished until 1865
The Underground Railroad: above-ground series of escape routes from the
South to the (free) North
runaway slaves traveled on foot, took wagons, boats, trains
Discrimination still existed against free slaves in the North
unskilled had to compete with immigrants for jobs
few voting rights
difficulty owning property
Women’s Suffrage: Right for women to vote
Growing women’s rights movement for equal rights of men
Movement involved both female and male leaders
Demands not fully realized until l900s
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Chapter 14 Notes
Name__________________________Per_____Date_________
Ch 14.1 THE HOPES OF IMMIGRANTS
Emigrants =
Immigrants =.
During the mid 1800s people from Britain, Ireland, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Norway and China left their
countries due to (Push Factors):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
They migrated to the U.S. to gain (Pull Factors):
1.
2.
3.
Nativists =
Know-Nothing Party =
Both are against:
1.
2.
3.
Ch 14.2 AMERICAN LITERATURE & ART
Writers
Artists
New Philosophies
4
Ch 14.3 REFORMING AMERICAN SOCIETY
Second Great Awakening (early 1800s)
Temperance Movement
Workers’ Rights
Education
-
Horace Mann =
-
Care for Needy
Printed Information
Ch 14.4 ABOLITION & WOMEN’S RIGHTS
Abolition:=
-
The Underground Railroad=
Women’s Suffrage =
-
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