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Review for EOCT • The Mayflower Compact and the House ofBurgesses were important to the development of democracy in colonial America because they – (1) expanded freedom of religion – (2) promoted self-government – (3) protected private ownership of property – (4) granted voting rights to all white males • Which concept found in the United States Constitution was a belief held by the social contract philosophers of the Enlightenment period? – (1) presidential cabinet – (2) judicial review – (3) limited monarchy – (4) sovereignty of the people • The main criticism of the Articles of Confederation was that they failed to – (1) allow for the admission of new states – (2) limit the powers of the president – (3) provide adequate powers for the central government – (4) prevent the development of military rule • President Andrew Jackson claimed that use of the spoils system increased democracy in the federal government because it – (1) removed property-holding qualifications for voting – (2) limited the role of the electoral college in presidential elections – (3) allowed larger numbers of citizens to hold office – (4) used nominating conventions to pick political party candidates Both the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850 settled conflicts between the North and the South over – (1) admission of states to the Union – (2) Supreme Court decisions – (3) presidential election results – (4) voting rights • In the late 19th century, the federal government aided the growth of transcontinental railroads by – (1) legalizing rate rebates for large shippers – (2) providing free land for laying railroad tracks – (3) requiring standard-gauge tracks on all interstate lines – (4) forcing small lines to consolidate into large systems • The Populist movement was most interested in improving conditions for – (1) farmers – (2) business leaders – (3) African Americans – (4) Native American Indians • What was the main benefit that labor unions of the late 19th century gained for their members? – (1) job security – (2) improved wages and hours – (3) paid vacations – (4) health insurance • During the late 1800s, business leaders formed trusts mainly to – (1) reduce prices – (2) eliminate competition – (3) improve worker productivity – (4) establish overseas factories • Which president was known as a trustbuster? – (1) George Washington – (2) Calvin Coolidge – (3) Theodore Roosevelt – (4) Dwight Eisenhower • In the late 1800s, the theory of laissez-faire capitalism was used by many industrialists to – (1) petition the government for assistance during times of financial crisis – (2) oppose colonial expansion in Africa and Asia – (3) argue against government regulation of business practices – (4) defend limits on the number of immigrants allowed to work in factories • New Deal programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA) were primarily intended to help – (1) farmers – (2) homeowners – (3) businesses – (4) unemployed workers • Which federal policy was enacted during World War II and justified as a wartime necessity? – (1) a ban on German-language books – (2) internment of Japanese Americans – (3) exclusion of Chinese immigrants – (4) adoption of the quota system of immigration • Which United States foreign policy action resulted from the close geographic relationship between the United States and Latin America? – (1) Monroe Doctrine – (3) Marshall Plan – (2) Truman Doctrine – (4) Open Door policy • Because of fertile land and a long growing season, plantations in the thirteen colonies developed in – (1) New England – (2) the Middle Atlantic region – (3) the South – (4) the upper Mississippi River valley • The framers of the United States Constitution included the concepts of federalism, checks and balances, and separation of powers in the document because they – (1) feared a government with unlimited power – (2) favored the poor over the rich – (3) wanted to increase the powers of the states – (4) hoped to expand the democratic process • The power of judicial review allows the Supreme Court to – (1) repeal amendments to the Constitution – (2) determine the constitutionality of a law – (3) break tie votes in the electoral college – (4) impeach the president and other high-level officials • A loose interpretation of the Constitution was applied when – (1) George Washington appointed John Jay to the Supreme Court – (2) John Adams signed the Alien and SeditionActs – (3) Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory – (4) James Monroe delivered his State of the Union message • How did President George Washington react to the conflict between France and England in1793? – (1) He used the opportunity to begin the war for American independence. – (2) He declared the neutrality of the United States. – (3) He aided the French because they had supported the American Revolution. – (4) He negotiated a peace settlement between the warring nations. • As a result of President Andrew Jackson’s policies, Native American Indians were – (1) relocated to reservations in Mexico – (2) forcibly removed to areas west of the Mississippi River – (3) gradually allowed to return to their ancestral lands – (4) given United States citizenship • The “new immigrants” to the United States between 1890 and 1915 came primarily from – (1) southern and eastern Europe – (2) northern and western Europe – (3) East Asia – (4) Latin America • Both the Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act were – (1) inspired by the effectiveness of earlier state laws – (2) designed to protect business from foreign competition – (3) declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in the late 1800s – (4) passed by the federal government to regulate big business • Langston Hughes and Duke Ellington are noted for their contributions to the cultural movement of the 1920s known as the – (1) Gospel of Wealth – (2) Lost Generation – (3) Harlem Renaissance – (4) Gilded Age • Which leader founded a vocational training institution in the late 1800s to improve economic opportunities for African Americans? – (1) George Washington Carver – (2) Frederick Douglass – (3) W. E. B. Du Bois – (4) Booker T. Washington • In the last half of the 1800s, which development led to the other three? – (1) expansion of the middle class – (2) growth of industrialization – (3) formation of trusts – (4) creation of labor unions • Which document included John Locke’s idea that people have the right to overthrow an oppressive government? – (1) Mayflower Compact – (2) Northwest Ordinance – (3) Declaration of Independence – (4) Bill of Rights • The Declaration of Sentiments, adopted during the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, is most closely associated with the rights of – (1) immigrants – (2) enslaved persons – (3) Native American Indians – (4) women • A primary reason for the establishment of the Open Door policy (1899) was to – (1) protect United States trade in the Far East – (2) gain control of the Panama Canal Zone – (3) encourage Chinese immigration to the United States – (4) improve relations with Russia • Books such as Uncle Tom’s Cabin, How the Other Half Lives, and The Feminine Mystique all show that literature can sometimes – (1) expose government corruption – (2) cause violent revolution – (3) begin military conflict – (4) encourage social reform • The Progressive movement (1900–1920) was primarily a response to problems created by • (1) abolitionists • (3) industrialization • (2) nativists • (4) segregation • What was a central issue in the Supreme Court cases of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) and Miranda v. Arizona (1966)? – (1) freedom of religion – (2) voting rights – (3) rights of the accused – (4) property rights • The adoption of the Bill of Rights (1791)addressed Antifederalist criticism of the new Constitution by – (1) providing for an indirect method of electing the president – (2) protecting citizens from abuses of power by the national government – (3) allowing the national government to coin money – (4) establishing a process for impeaching federal officials • A major purpose of both the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) and the Gentlemen’s Agreement with Japan (1907) was to – (1) limit immigration of certain ethnic groups – (2) enrich America’s cultural diversity – (3) treat all Asian and European immigrants equally – (4) relocate Asians displaced by war • In the late 1800s, the principles of Social Darwinism were most consistent with the ideas of – (1) Populism – (2) laissez-faire economics – (3) trustbusting – (4) utopian socialism • Many farmers failed to share in the general prosperity of the 1920s mainly because they – (1) lacked new farm machinery to increase production – (2) did not have sufficient numbers of farm laborers – (3) had to pay high wages to their workers – (4) received low prices for crops due to overproduction