Download AMERICAN HISTORY MID

AMERICAN HISTORY MID-TERM
STUDY GUIDE – Teacher copy
INDUSTRIALIZATION, IMMIGRATION, URBANIZATION
1.
What is the main purpose of antitrust legislation in the US? Eliminate monoplies
2.
What was the first anti-trust legislation passed by congress? Sherman Anti-Trust Act
3.
Why did native citizens of the U.S. have negative attitudes toward the “new immigrants” during the late
19th century? Immigrants were willing to work for lower wages than were native-born workers.
4.
Henry Bessemer is most well known as what? An inventor – steel process
5.
Iron ore is primarily used in the production of what? steel
6.
What invention of Henry Ford’s made the mass production of automobiles and other products possible?
moving assembly line
7.
Why did the United States follow a policy of unrestricted immigration for Europeans during most of the
1800’s? The American economy needed many unskilled workers.
8.
The idea that only the strongest companies survive is known as what? Social Darwinism
9.
During the period from 1865 to 1900, disputes between labor and management were often marked by
what? the use of violence by both sides
10.
What are John and Washington Roebling best known for designing? The Brooklyn Bridge
11.
The Rockefeller Foundation, Carnegie Hall, and the Morgan Library illustrate various ways that
entrepreneurs and their descendants have done what? used their wealth to benefit society
12.
During the latter half of the 19th century, many business organizations in the United States combined
into large corporations so they could do what? expand their companies and make greater profits
13.
The name of the company that John D. Rockefeller founded was what? Standard Oil
14.
From what country did immigrants come in between 1840 and 1860, primarily due to a potato famine in
their own country?
Ireland
15.
The philosophy of scientific management is know by what other name? Taylorism
16.
The Haymarket Riot involved what and where? a riot between striking workers and the police in
Chicago
17.
At the end of the 19th century, the population of cities got much larger. In part this was because of the
increasing number of immigrants. What other large group migrated to cities during this period?
Former slaves who were looking for economic opportunities and an escape from discrimination.
18.
The Pullman Strike of 1894 is a turning point because it led to what? intervention of government in
labor matters
19.
What was the purpose of “yellow dog” contracts?
20.
How did industrial growth affect the distribution of wealth in America?
to prevent workers from joining unions
a concentration of wealth in the hands of a few industrialists
21.
For which of the following were the industrialists of the age of “big business” generally admired?
philanthropy
WESTERN MOVEMENT
22.
In the second Sioux War, General Armstrong Custer was defeated by the Sioux and Cheyenne tribes.
What two Indian chiefs killed Custer and his men? Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse
23.
Which of the following treaties resulted in Florida becoming part of the United States?
Adams-Onis Treaty
24.
The Transcontinental Railroad was completed on May 10, 1869 in what location?
Promontory Point, Utah
25.
The last major battle between the Indians and the U.S. Cavalry was what? Wounded Knee
26.
The mining boom first began with the discovery of gold where?
27.
What did the Homestead Act of 1862 require homesteaders to do to qualify for a land grant?
Sutter’s Mill in California
They must pay $10 for 160 acres and either live on or cultivate the land for five years.
28.
Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce’ did what? Had violent conflicts with settlers and the federal
government
29.
The passage of the Homestead Act and completion of the transcontinental railroad helped to fulfill the
United States’ commitment to do what? Fulfill their quest for manifest destiny
30.
The phrase “Manifest Destiny” refers to what? settling the US from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific
Ocean.
31.
The term “Trail of Tears” refers to what?
the forced migration of the Cherokee tribe from the southern Appalachians to what is now Oklahoma.
32.
At what battle was Santa Anna defeated by General Sam Houston? Battle of San Jacinto
33.
What happened at the battle at Wounded Knee? U.S. soldiers killed over 200 unarmed Sioux
34.
What was a bonanza farm? a business-controlled farm specializing in a single cash crop
35.
An example of western women’s great progress toward independence was what?
passage of woman suffrage in ten western states
36.
One way in which reformers tried to “civilize” Native Americans was to do what?
requiring them to farm individual plots
POLITICS, IMMIGRATION, AND URBAN LIFE (1877-1920)
37.
What was a major cause of corruption in government during the Gilded Age? the spoils system
38.
Why did immigration laws discriminate against the Chinese?
Chinese workers accepted very low wages/unions were unhappy
39.
What was the major reason why some immigrants were denied entry to the United States?
They carried a contagious disease
40.
What was the result of both immigration and the increased productivity of factories in the post-
Reconstruction era? the rapid expansion of urban areas
41.
What were some of the urban living conditions in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
Overcrowding and poor sanitation bred disease
Most ghettos reflected a specific ethnic culture
Slum residents were threatened by fires, crime, and vice
42.
Why did many immigrants support city political machines?
Political machines provided them with jobs and other favors
43.
According to nativists, what was a major cause of urban problems?
44.
What precedent did the Interstate Commerce Commission establish?
immigrants
businesses were subject to government control
45.
What area did most immigrants come from in the 1890s?
southern and eastern European countries
46.
In the Gilded Age, what was a common practice of business leaders to influence American politics?
giving money to government officials (bribes)
47.
What was the original purpose of the Interstate Commerce Act?
eliminate overcharging and other dishonest business practices by powerful railroad companies.
48.
What became a very popular form of entertainment during the late 1800s (sport)?
baseball
49.
Why did most immigrants to the United States settle in larger cities at the turn of the century?
that is where the jobs were.
50.
Why were laws requiring individuals to pass civil service examinations to obtain government jobs
passed?
To eliminate patronage and corruption in government hiring
51.
What is yellow journalism? Worded in a way to sensationalize the story
52.
How could the period of the Gilded Age be described?
53.
What did Free Traders want done with tariffs ? eliminate them
54.
Name a well-known newspaper publisher who got his start during the Gilded Age? William Randolph
Hearst – Joseph Pulitzer
A period of corruption followed by reform.
55.
Describe the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant. completely ineffective and corrupt with no reform bills
being passed
56.
How would you define graft? Money or an advantage gained by unscrupulous (dishonest) means.
57.
What was Boss Tweed’s political machine known as? Tammany Hall
58.
During the Gilded Age, at what level of government was graft taking place?
59.
What German philosopher wrote The Communist Manifesto?
60.
Who was the founder of the American Socialist Party?
all levels
Karl Marx
Eugene V. Debs
CULTURAL AND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS (1870-1915)
61.
Both W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington urged African Americans to do what? become well
educated
62.
What did many African Americans experience when they moved to the North in the late 1800s and
early 1900s? de facto discrimination
63.
What tactic in the early 1900s, did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP) use to change things for African Americans? used the court system to fight legal discrimination
64.
In the late 1800s, middle-class women seemed most interested in doing what?
joining voluntary
associations
65.
In the late 1800s, which group of women typically worked outside the home? young single women
66.
Which document opposed interference in the W. Hemisphere by European nations? Monroe Doctrine
67.
Seward’s Folly is a satirical moniker for what? Alaska
68.
What factors caused the U.S. to declare war on Spain in 1898:
the explosion of the battleship Maine jingoism
69.
yellow journalism
The Panama Canal was built across the Isthmus of Panama, an area that had been controlled by what
country before the Panamanian Revolution? Colombia
70.
Which president favored “substituting dollars for bullets?”
71.
What is Jingoism? extreme nationalism combined with an aggressive foreign policy position.
72.
Which Navy commander, later promoted to Admiral, destroyed the Spanish fleet in the Philippines
William Howard Taft
during the Spanish-American War? Commodore George Dewey
73.
At one time European powers had divided China into distinct areas, each country controlling the
economic development in each distinct area. What is this division known as?
74.
spheres of influence
Which of the following is the best explanation of imperialism?
Stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations.
75.
Who is the source for the following quote: “Speak softly, but carry a big stick.”? Theodore Roosevelt
76.
What is patronage?
It is when politicians give jobs to whomever they want, without regard to their qualifications.
77.
What two resources were discovered in Alaska, proving that the purchase of Alaska was not a “folly?”
oil and gold
78.
Because the Spanish American War was so short and yet gained so much for the United States,
Secretary of State John Hay nicknamed the war what?
79.
A Splendid Little War
Why did many of Roosevelt’s opponents disapprove of his building the Panama Canal?
They opposed Roosevelt’s involvement in the Panamanian “revolution.”
80.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the paradox of power experienced by the US in
the early 1900s?
81.
Many countries asked the US government for help, then resented American aid.
Why did the United States follow a policy of expansionism in the late 1800s?
the nation needed more markets for its goods
82.
Why was the building of the Panama Canal important?
facilitated trade between Atlantic and Pacific ports
THE PROGRESSIVE ERA
83.
What characterized the Progressive Era?
social and political reform led by average Americans.
84.
What people or groups practiced the notion of social gospel?
Salvation Army – Jane Addams/Hull House -
85.
What is a muckraker?
uses investigative journalism to expose various types of social problems.
86.
Local governments were completely restructured during the Progressive Era, nearly all of them
eliminating the political machines that once controlled them. What event pushed this reform?
the Galveston
Hurricane of 1900.
87.
Which author and which president are the most responsible for the passage of the Pure Food and Drug
Act?
Upton Sinclair/Teddy Roosevelt
88.
What did Jim Crow laws do? made discrimination legal.
89.
What was Booker T. Washington’s objective for African Americans?
to encourage African-Americans to work hard, acquire property, educate themselves and prove they
were worthy of their rights.
90.
Which action was necessary to change from the indirect to the direct election of United States
Senators? a new constitutional amendment – 17th
91.
What reforms did Robert LaFollette fight for?
political reform – referendum, direct election of US Senators, recall, and initiative
92.
What were the Wobblies? They were a fairly radical
labor group, willing to fight to the death for
their cause.
93.
What organization did W.E.B. DuBois co-found?
He co-founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. (NAACP)
94.
A referendum is what?
opportunity for citizens to vote on legislation that has been proposed by a state legislature.
95.
The Nineteenth Amendment, added to the U.S. Constitution in 1920, did what?
gave women the right to vote
96.
What is Ida B. Wells, a newspaper journalist and muckraker. most well known for?
her effort to eliminate lynching
97.
What was Worker’s compensation was designed to do?
Provide income to workers who had been injured on their jobs.
98.
How did President Roosevelt react to the United Mine Workers’ strike in 1902?
He appointed arbitrators to resolve the dispute
WORLD WAR I
99.
What British passenger ship was sunk which ultimately paved the way for the United States’ entry into
World War I? The Lusitania
100.
Who were the Black Hands? A group of Serbians who assassinated Archduke Ferdinand and are
considered responsible for causing the start of World War I.
101.
What style of warfare most characterized World War I?
102.
Where was the Western Front located?
trench warfare
a series of trenches that ran about 44 miles from the Belgian Coast to the Swiss border
103.
What international organization was proposed in Wilson's Fourteen Points but was never accepted in
the United States?
League of Nations
104.
Who was the commander of the United States WWI troops (AEF)? General John Pershing
105.
What is the single event which is considered the “spark” that ignited World War I?
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
106.
What was the ruling government in Germany immediately following WWI? The Weimer Republic
107.
What was in the Zimmermann telegram? proposed an alliance with Mexico against the United States
108.
Czar Nicholas II was the leader of which country at the start of World War I?
109.
What were Liberty Bonds used for? raise money for the war
110.
What was the overall result of the passage of the Espionage Act, Sabotage Act and Sedition Act?
Russia
Many innocent Americans were criminally prosecuted for exercising their First Amendment rights.
111.
What were some of the characteristics of The Versailles Treaty?
included almost none of Wilson’s 14 points
crippled Germany militarily
crippled Germany economically
112.
What did President Wilson do to gain support for the Versailles Treaty and the League of Nations in the
Senate?
113.
undertook an extensive public speaking tour by train and had a stroke
Why did a recession hit the United States after WW1?
no more demand for war goods
there were labor union strikes
there was high unemployement because of the returning soldiers